and dated m UVM and 17()r». M'lirsc ]tnr1 Tiers were not tlie s;nue. 

 Several patents of ()lsej;() and Sclioluiric lands wric made 

 in Vim. 



After tlie above was writ ten I lie wrilei- lii!,iired a line [M'wh'r 

 ])i])e beloniiin.u io Mi' Addison I'ease of I^'leniinjLi, and found at 

 that ])laee. It is of a ni(Klern forni, wil li ani|)]e bowl and in j^ood 

 condition. 



More of tliese nnj^lit b<^ sliown, bnt lliey differ liHle in form, 

 even when e(Mid)ined with wood or stone. Such conibinal ions 

 were freiinent. In a paper in the American antlquar'uui for ISTll 

 Mr Kdwin A. Darber iignred sev<'i'al Dnich and Swiss iron 

 pipes and a rude cop]>er l)ipe from [Pennsylvania. lie als<j 

 (pioted a statement about the pipe of Ca])t. Miles Standish, 

 used by him till his death. It was '' a little iron affair of about 

 the size and shape of a common clay pipe." Mr L5arb(*r thought 

 this was made in Holland. Those in New York may be over 

 200 years old. This eminent authority concludes '' that we 

 have no positive proof that i)ipes were in use in Europe before 

 the Columbian discovery of i^merica; but if it can be shown 

 that such was undoubtedly the case, it is reasonably cer- 

 tain that such objects were em[)loyed in medicinal remedies or 

 foi' purposes of fumigation." 



It was customary to present large ({uantities of pipes at 



Indian councils. .Vmong the presents in itJDG were ^' 1 grose of 



tobacco ])i])es, wood ^c tinn," and sometimes casks of pipes were 



given. The study of Euroi)ean pi])es used by the Indians of 



New York has lU'oved of much intei'est. They came in at (juite 



an early day. 



Trade axes 



One of the earliest iron implements that found its way into 

 the interior of New York is known as the trade ax. It usuallv 



« 



has a broad edge for cutting, but is narrow below the socket 

 for the handle. This was made by bending over the ui)j)er 

 part of the Hat iron plate, forming an elliptic opening. They 

 are of all sizes, and quite frequently are stamped with three 

 circles, each inclosing a cross. Sonu^times the cross has a sec- 



