40 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



fiinp;us lives over the winter in the old canes. Spores are produced 

 in the early spring. These cause infection at any point of injury on the 

 cane. Wounds caused by the cutting back of canes and those of the tree 

 cricket are open avenues of entrance for the spores. The diseased area 

 gradually enlarges until it encircles the cane. When this girdling is 

 complete the water supply is shut off and the cane wilts quickly above 

 the place of attack. The bark becomes light colored anti the wood dead 

 and brittle in the diseased area. The berries are often affected with 

 dry rot. 



The fungus lias been known to live for four years in the old canes and 

 trash about the berry patch. The old canes should be removed soon 

 after fruiting and destroyed. Secure healthy plants for starting new 

 plantations. Be careful to avoid excessive wounding of the canes in 

 the operations about them. 



Crown gall is caused by bacteria and is very common on fruit plants. 

 It causes great loss when considered in the aggregate. It may be identi- 

 fied on the brambles by an enlargement near the junction of the cane and 

 root. 



Use healthy plants for new plantations and set them on soil which 

 has not had any infection for a period of several years. Remove any 

 diseased plants that may be found at any time and destroy them. 



Orange rust is primarily a disease of the blackberry. Early in May 

 small spots appear on the leaves, somewhat later these spots enlarge 

 and burst. Great quantities of orange colored spores are freed, their 

 color giving the disease its name. The leaves remain small and appear 

 blistered. The new shoots are dwarfed. If the infection is heavj', the 

 leaves are of little use to the plant and it is seriously weakened. The 

 life cj'^cle of the fungus corresponds very closely to that of our common 

 perennials. This makes it very hard to control and it is practically 

 impossible to eradicate it from a field of plants. The diseased plants 

 should be removed and destroyed and all of the wild blackberries in the 

 neighborhood should be gotten rid of. The planting of the resistant 

 Snyder is recommended. 



Yellows 1(3 a disease of red raspberries. Its exact cause is unknown. 

 It usually occurs during the second year after the plants are set. It 

 then occurs annually thereafter and may become very serious, due to the 

 gradual weakening of the plants. The plants become stunted and are of 

 a sickly yellow color. A bushy habit takes possession of the plants. 

 The leaves are small and crinkled with the margins curling downward. 

 The leaves take on a peculiar purplish hue in the early fall. The berries 

 on the diseased plants are small and worthless, their flavor l)eing bitter. 



Destroy the diseased plants in the established plantations. Use 

 only healthy plants for starting new fields. Place the plants on well 

 drained soil, since the fact has been repeatedly- observed that the red 

 raspberry cannot stand wet feet. 



Spur blight and blue stem, two other serious bramble diseases, aic 

 not of much consequence in Michigan at present. Their early appear- 

 ance here is possible and probable, unless we establish a strict quarantine 

 against shipments of j)lants from other states and remove all diseased 

 plants in Michigan plantations by thorough ins])ection of the same. 



Several general rules may be stated in regard to l)ramble disease 

 control. Set only healthy plants; set them on wi'll chained soil which 



