ICIPrY-FIRST ANNUAL KKPOKT. 99 



would do the greatest damage to the hoppers. In 1921 this time occurred 

 several weeks earlier than usual, in fact from June 20th on. The spray 

 reconmiended was Bordeaux mixture and black leaf 40, using the latter 

 at the rate of one pint to a hundred gallons of regular standard Bordeaux 

 mixture. This seemed, when put on by hand, to dispose of all the 

 young hoppers present. In order to be effective the spray must be 

 made to hit the under surfaces of the leaves where the hoppers are usu- 

 ally at rest and a mere sprinkling done by set nozzles with a rig diawn 

 rapidly through the vineyard did not prove very effective. Perhaps no 

 other enemies of the grape require such careful and thorough work as the 

 leaf hopper. Furthermore, it is desirable to delay this spray until the 

 last possible moment before the young hoppers acquire their wings in 

 order to allow as many eggs to hatch as possible, since the spray does 

 not destroy the eggs, buried as they are, in the tissue of the leaf and pro- 

 tected by the fuzzy coating of the under surface. 



As it normally happens that many eggs remain unhatched at the 

 time of this spraj^ it will be necessary to repeat the dose again when these 

 eggs have hatched, — and also when the second generation appears later 

 in the season, it may be necessary to apply one other spray, although 

 thorough work in the control of the first generation is usually sufficient 

 for the season. 



In conclusion: let me urge that the first spray applied for the recently 

 hatched nymphs be generously spread over the lower surfaces of each 

 leaf and that some attempt be made to at least destroy their winter 

 quarters after cold weather sets in and during the period when rubbish 

 may be burned, even if to successfully burn requires the addition of a small 

 amount of oil. 



GRAPE-BERRY MOTH. 



In the same vineyards where the grape leaf-hopper was so very trouble- 

 some another pest was making trouble, namely, the grape-berry moth. 

 This latter pest has for several years been the subject of increasingly 

 insistent complaints and in response to this demand special effort was 

 made to determine the most effective method of control, or at least to so 

 time the customary sprays as to obtain the highest efficiency. Both of 

 these projects were carried on in cooperation with a number of people, 

 the growers entering into the demonstration with much interest, a 

 number offering their vineyards for experiments and even furnishing 

 apparatus and labor to try out the tests contemplated, also Mr. T. A. 

 Farrand of the Department of Horticulture, Mr. W. C. Eckhard, County 

 Agent of Van Buren county, and Mr. R. M. Hain, Extension Specialist 

 of the Department of Entomology, who served as the mouthpiece for 

 this department and spent his entire time in the region for several weeks 

 giving advice and personally keeping in touch with the growers. 



The grape-berry moth goes through the winter in cocoons enclosed 

 in little flaps cut in the leaves. A semi-circular cut is made in the leaf 

 and the little flap thus made turned back on itself, so as to furnish a 

 cavity in which the cocoon is spun. The leaves fall to the ground and 

 when covered with snow the cocoons are pretty well protected. The 

 early destruction of these fallen leaves would, of course, result in lessen- 

 ing the number of cocoons and pupae the following spring and undoubt- 

 edly the clean culture recommended for the grape leaf hopper if carried 

 out would lessen the numbers of grape-berry moth very materially. 



