114 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



CONSTRUCTION. 



1. Place one 1x6 crosspiece crosswise of car in front of and against 

 each tier of baskets on both sides of space which is to be braced. 



2. Car widths vary from 8 ft. to 8 ft. 6 inches; so when placing the 2.x4 

 uprights against the face of the load and the 1x6 crosspieces, distribute 

 them in a manner which will most evenly divide among them the 

 weight or load thrust. For example, in an 8 ft. car the uprights at 

 the ends of the gate would be nailed to the crosspieces at least one foot 

 from the sides of the car and the 2 center uprights in the bracing gate 

 would be 3 ft. from the sides of the car. One of the center uprights must 

 be the ceiling upright which when nailed to the crosspiece keeps the 

 bracing gate from riding up the face of the load. 



3. Nail to the uprights crosswise of the car, parallel to the lower edge 

 of each crosspiece, one l"x3'^" toenail cleat. 



4. Place three 2x4 crossbraces lengthwise of the car between each 

 pair of uprights and drive each crossbrace down to its toenail strips 

 and toenail the crossbraces to the uprights. Repeat this operation until 

 all four sets of crossbraces are in place. 



Dependable bracing can be obtained only by the use of nails having 

 trade weight of 10 pennyweight or more. Crossbraces must be toe- 

 nailed with not less than three 12 penny nails to each upright at each 

 union between upright and crosspiece. 



BARRELS. 



Unless the staves, hoops and plates are of sound clear material, properly 

 set up and when filled with head plates thoroughly and properly nailed, 

 no system of loading devised will prevent loss in transit due to opening 

 of barrel heads. Let us assume that the barrels as they come from the 

 cooper are good material, properly set up with a croze not less than 3-16" 

 deep. 



Headhners are unnecessary, nor as cheap, in securing the heads as 

 nails of sufficient number properlj^ apphed. To properly nail a head 

 composed of three plate pieces, drive a 6d nail thru the top hoop and 

 shell of the barrel at an angle of 45° into each corner of each plate piece 

 so that 1-8" of the nail shows at the junction of the head and staves. 

 For good measure drive one nail or two at the most unsecured point 

 or points. Ordinarily a properly nailed head requires between 8 and 

 10 nails. 



CROSSWISE OFFSET LOADING SYSTEM FOR STANDARD STAVE BARRELS. 



The principle of this load is to have all barrels end to end crosswise of 

 the car, on side, with bulges of the barrels in the upper tiers resting on 

 the ends of four barrels in the lower tier. Barrels should never be loaded 

 bulge on bulge. A complete diagram with full directions of proper barrel 

 loading methods may be obtained upon request from Mr. Comlossj', 

 Superintendent, Perishable Protective Service, N.Y.C. Lines, 408 Produce 

 Exchange Bldg., Toledo, O. (in fact, any shipper having loading prob- 

 lems is invited by Mr. Comlossy to communicate with him). 



