226 ANNUAL, REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



he must know liow to fix it. Many farmers are near water power 

 which could be converted into electrical, to be used in house and 

 barn. Or the alcohol engine may soon be a factor on every farm, 

 and the farmer must understand them all. As help becomes more 

 scarce these sources of energy' must be employed. 



The farmer of the future must understand breeding. He will 

 not raise scrub stock as his father does today. No other calling 

 would or could stand such a drain as the profitless cow and hen im- 

 pose upon the farmer today. When the farmers realize that today 

 half the cows in the United States do not pay their keep, and that 

 it is within his power to make each one yield a handsome profit, 

 then he will begin to do something to improve his stock. The 

 scrub cow belongs properly to the scrub farmer, and that man had 

 better move to town. Of course a high breed cow or horse will not 

 stand abuse like a scrub, but needs intelligent care. This can only 

 be possible through a knowledge of animal physiology. 



If he goes into the raising of fruit he finds as much need of 

 brains as in any other branch of farm industry. The varieties suited 

 to his soil, climate and market, the insect and fungus pests and how 

 to keep them under control, the proper culture and marketing of 

 fruit all call for an ample supply of brain power. In the feeding 

 of both cattle and land the farmer in Pennsylvania is so well pro- 

 tected by the law that he need not be cheated in what he buys, 

 nor wasteful in what he uses, but to calculate a balanced ration 

 for field and feed room requires that the farmer should have some 

 idea of chemistry. To produce, keep and successfully put upon 

 the market the various mill products and to properly construct 

 his home and other buildings, it is almost necessary for the farmer 

 to be a sanitary engineer. If the consumers in our cities only know 

 how much of the value and the enjoyable quality was lost and how 

 much filth and other poisonous material was introduced through 

 the improper handling of the dairy products they would think twice 

 before they buy. The farmer must also be a business man. Not only 

 must he be able to produce in the most economical manner some- 

 thing which will bring the highest price, but he must be able to 

 put it on the market in the most acceptable manner. He must also 

 be an experimenter. From the first paper presented at this Insti- 

 tute we have been constantly told that the men who are successful 

 are those who experiment, observe, ply nature with questions and 

 are able to get from nature the correct answer. That this is no 

 easy task is seen by the fact that college professors and experiment 

 station experts often hold opposite views on the same subject, and 

 the institute lecturer is often at a loss to know what is the truth 

 or the best practice. He must keep account of what it costs 

 to produce, and he must have the nerve to cut off or change that 

 which does not realize a profit. 



Not only this, but as the making of money is not the final end 

 of the farmer's existence, though an important one, there must 

 be a broad and kindly spirit which will enable the farmer to enjoy 

 life and help others to do the same. The rural delivery enables the 

 farmers to have his daily paper at his noon-day meal and so keep 

 in touch with all the world. He must be prepared to act on the 

 school board, or go to the Legislature if his neighbors think best, 

 and be a leader in the community. If these points which I have 



