422 ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



from the other side. Now, the difference between grade and pure 

 bred is simply this: the pure bred is a reproduction of the same 

 good qualities from one generation to another, and you know what 

 he is going to do; with the grade you have you have no assurance as 

 to what he is going to do. ^'ow, Mr. JJradiute about a year ago gave 

 a definition of pedigree that I have never forgotten. It was simply 

 this: that pedigree is a composite picture of ancestry. Now, as com- 

 posite picture is one made of many. Now, if you have a pedigree, 

 it is not only of the names, but of the type and characteristics of 

 the ancestors, and where the ancestry is of a clear type, it is the 

 picture of an individual. In the other breed you have a picture 

 in which the individual predominates; it shows a little of the one 

 side, and a little of the other. It is not a clear picture. Now, if 

 you take these pictures at the same time, and under the same con- 

 ditions, the pure breed will show the type and characteristics of 

 the ancestry from which he has been bred while the other will not 

 show up clearly. A clean pedigree will make a clean picture. The 

 purebred has been reinforced along that one particular type sixty- 

 four times, and he becomes the expression of the type to which he 

 has been bred. He simply leads the same physical life that has 

 come down to him directly through the preceding generations, and 

 when I see a pure bred horse, I am sure of uniformity. 



Q^he next thing to consider in a horse is soundness. Hock is one 

 of the commonest forms of weakness in a horse. Very many horses 

 are all right in every way, only weak in one leg, and the only 

 way to eliminate this unsoundness is to take that horse out of the 

 list of the breeders. I should qualify this, though, by saying here- 

 ditary unsoundness. Some of you may have known cases of un- 

 soundness that, as the horsemen say, don't belong to the horse. A 

 horse may receive a bruise or an injury, the results of which are 

 noticeable in him, but which he will not transmit to his progeny; 

 it is when that unsoundness becomes hereditary that we must 

 eliminate it if we want to improve the breed of our horses. There 

 is a great deal of misunderstanding in regard to the law as it 

 relates to this very matter. I will take it up point by point, for 

 I am assuming you are interested, and want this information. The 

 law requires that every horse, whose services are offered to the 

 public, must be enrolled with the State Livestock Sanitary Board. 

 It does not mean in the Prothonotary's office. That comes later. 

 The first thing to do is to have him enrolled with the State Live- 

 stock Sanitary Board, which then issues a license to the owner of 

 the animal. These licenses are made out in three forms: they desig- 

 nate the horse as pure bred; as grade, or miscellaneous bred. When 

 a man wants a license he must submit the pedigree of the horse, 

 or the certificate from the association the horse is in. Now, a 

 great many men don't like to surrender these pedigrees or certifi- 

 cates, because they cost them from three to five dollars, and they 

 are not sure that they will get them back. You will get them back 

 in as good order as you sent them. The thing for you to do is to 

 send them by registered letter. This will show you that we re- 

 ceived them, and we will guarantee to send them back in the same 

 condition M-e received them. Now, if you can't show this pedigree, 

 then your horse is called a grade. There is great disappointment 

 among many owners that the grade is included at all; I receive a 



