No. 6. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUL,TURE. 429 



ance with the 200 gallons. Of late we have been using less coT>i>er 

 sulphate. There have been conditions where I used 5 pounds of 

 sulphate to fifty gallons of water, and injured the foliage. If there 

 came a shower of rain and we went out to spray before the water 

 was dried off the leaves, some damage would result. It seems to 

 have some chemical action in such a way that when we spray just 

 after a rain the damage is done to the foliage at that time. There 

 in danger in using copper sulphate too strong. Three pounds to 

 fifty gallons of water is about the right proportion. We use Paris 

 green in the spray used before the blossoms open to kill bud moth. 

 We have a home-made tower on the wagon from which spraying is 

 done. Some companies are now making these towers of steel ten 

 to twelve feet high. Now, in all our spraying, from one year to the 

 other, and we have been at it for a good many years, I think we 

 work down to finer nozzles each year, so that they throw the spray 

 into a fine mist, so that you can see a rainbow at any time when the 

 sun shines. We cannot spray against the wind with such a fine 

 spray, so that if the wind is in the west we spray the west side and 

 let the spray drive over the rows of trees, and spray the other side 

 of the trees when the wind changes. By using a fine nozzle, it will 

 take less spray material. We don't care to put enough of this ma 

 terial on a tree so that it will run off. Just as soon as you have 

 enough on a tree so that it will run off, there won't half as much 

 copper sulphate dry on the leaf. We use a ''Mistry" nozzle, made 

 by the Gould Manufacturing Company. We find that 200 gallons 

 goes farther and does more good by using fine nozzles than when we 

 tried to spray with coarser nozzles and less power. 



Question. Do you find that apples bruise when picked into 

 barrels and hauled into barn for subsequent sorting? 



MR. WILSON: Yes, but there is less loss, than when placed on 

 piles in orchard. Piling always dulls the color and they must go 

 over the sorting table anyhow. 



E. P. GARRETTSON: What age trees do you plant? 



MR. WILSON: Two years old. 



Question. How high do you head them? 



MR. WILSON: About shoulder high. I think it would be a ser- 

 ious mistake to head trees too low if it were not for the San Jose 

 Scale. 



DR. MAYER: How would it do to wrap raffia about the buds to 

 exclude bud moth? 



MR. WILSON: We do use raffia, but it must be cut off about 

 three weeks after budding, to prevent binding buds and preventinpj 

 growth. 



DR. MAYER: We place a broad band of raffia above the bud and 

 find it keeps moth from depositing eggs in the crevice made in 

 slipping buds. 



PRESIDENT ELDON: What stock do you selcet for planting? 



MR. WILSON: We prefer Northern Spies. They have good roots 

 are good growers and make good unions. Stark is our second 

 choice. 



