No. 6. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 495 



In reporting to you on behalf of The Pennsylvania State College, 

 our stewardship in its relation to horticulture, I am compelled to 

 report the loss of George C. Butz, Professor of Horticulture, by 

 death, on Dec. 14, 1907. Professor Butz graduated from The Penn- 

 sylvania State College in 1S83 and for about twenty -five years has 

 served the horticultural interests with all his power. He was ido- 

 lized by his students and beloved by all who knew him. This Society 

 will, of course, take suitable action concerning his death. 



I am able to announce the election as Professor of Horticulture, of 

 Ealph L. Watts, Scalp Level, Pa. Professor Watts graduated from 

 The Pennsylvania State College in 1890. He was at one time Profes- 

 sor of Horticulture and Director of Farmers' Institutes at the Uni 

 versity of Tennessee, but, fortunately for Pennsylvania, resigned 

 from that institution to engage in commercial vegetable gardening 

 and small fruit raising in Cambria county, where he has been 

 unusually successful. His knowledge of the subject, his ability as a 

 teacher, his acquaintance with horticultural conditions throughout 

 the State, as well as in other states, makes his appointment a parti- 

 cularly happy one. I thank you for your kind attention. 



LIFE HISTORIES OF SOME COMMON ORCHARD INSECTS. 



By H. a Surface, Economic Zootngist nf Peniio. 



As a rule, fruit growers and farmers recognize insects only in their 

 most destructive stages, if at all, and in fact they more frequently 

 recognize the destructive effects of the insects than the pests them- 

 selves. For example, it is not uncommon for us to receive fruits or 

 twigs speckled with red, sent with the supposition that they contain 

 the San Jos^ Scale, because this pest often causes red spots in the 

 tissues of the plant where it is found. However, such conditions 

 may come from fungus diseases or other causes and do not always 

 mean the presence of the San Jos^ Scale. 



It is important for fruit growers to recognize the effects of pests 

 on crops, because they are often conspicuous when the pests them- 

 selves can not be seen, and in many cases they are so distinctive or 

 characteristic as to make it possible to diagnose correctly the cause 

 of injury, and thereby obtain the key to the application of proper 

 preventives or remedies. 



Destructive insects should be known in their different stages, and 

 their life histories and places of living and places of concealment 

 should be understood by farmers and fruit growers, in order that 

 the pest can be attacked at their weak or vital points. 



In speaking of the life histories or stages of our insects, it should 

 be understood that we have two great groups of insects, classed ac- 

 cording to the nature of their change of form or metamor])hosis. 

 The representatives of the first of these groups are said to have in- 

 complete metamorphosis, or change, because the young resemble the 



