No. 6. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 497 



The Codliug Moth. — The codling moth is the insect that feeds on 

 the seeds and aronnd the core of apples, pears and quinces. In its 

 destructive stage, it is a pinkish white larva, which comes from an 

 egg laid on the fruit or leaf by a small winged moth, which flies by 

 night and is properly called the codliug moth. This egg is laid 

 about the time the trees are in bloom, and shortly after the flowers 

 fall the little larva or worm hatches from the egg and generally 

 crawls to the blossom end of the fruit, where it usually makes its 

 entrance. There is no remedy for it after it has entered the fruit. 

 but if a spray of arsenical poison be used at the right time, it will 

 be killed with it when it takes the poison in attempting to guaw 

 through the surface of the fruit to reach the interior. 



The best remedy is arsenate of lead, two or three pounds in fifty 

 gallons of water, and the next best is Paris green, one-third pound in 

 Mty gallons. Instead of using the poison iu water alone, it is yet 

 better to make the Bordeaux mixture by the use of four pounds of 

 bluestone and six pounds of lime in a fifty-gallon tank or barrel of 

 water, and add the poison to this. For pears, apples and quinces this 

 formula is all right, but for peaches and plums it should be reduced 

 by using one-half of the materials in the full amount of water. 



To prevent the further appearance of the codling moth, fallen 

 fruits should be destroyed as soon as they drop, either by gathering 

 them or by keeping pigs or sheep beneath the trees. Also, bands 

 may be j)ut around the trees in midsummer to catch the larvae 

 which may there spin their cocoons and transform into their winged 

 stage. However, if the bands be not examined at least once per 

 week to kill the insects that collect beneath them, they are worse 

 than though nothing had been used, for the i-eason that they will 

 furnish hiding places for these pests rather than force them to 

 transform where woodpeckers and other natural enemies would be 

 liable to find and destroy them. 



The spraying for the codling moth should be done just after the 

 petals or flowers fall, and again iu a week or ten days from that 

 date. There are two broods of the codling moth per year, but if the 

 spraying be thoroughly and properly done for the first brood, it will 

 not be necessary to spray in July or August for the second brood. 



The Bud Moth. — This is the insect which does its destruction when 

 in the larval or worm stage, by eating the interior of the buds of 

 apple and other trees. The chief destruction is done in spring and 

 may be quite serious, because the undeveloped leaves are then so 

 small that one bite may cause deformity of an entire leaf as it fur- 

 ther developes. For the bud moth, spray with arsenate of lead or 

 Paris green as soon as the buds burst and the green leaves are 

 showing, and repeat just before the blossoms open. Carefully avoid 

 spraying blossoms when in bloom. 



The Apple Leaf Miner. — This comparatively new destructive insect 

 makes a mine or tunnel in the green tissue of the leaves between the 

 two lavers or coverings, and as several mav occur within one leaf 

 they have a destructive elTect and result similar to that of the frog- 

 eye. The mines or tunnels made by this insect can easily be recog- 

 nized by the fact that they are trumpet-shaped or worm-like in ap- 



32—6—1907. 



