498 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



pearance. The larva which makes them transforms into a pupa and 

 in the spring developes into a very minute moth which lays the egg 

 on the leaf, and the larva hatches from this. Where this pest 0£cur^. 

 the leaves should be gathered and burned as completely as possible. 

 A spraying of arsenate of lead and Bordeaux mixture kept on the 

 leaves during the spring and the early summer destroys the young 

 larvea at the time they hatch from the egg and before they are con- 

 cealed within the leaf, is the only practical remedy that can be offer- 

 ed at this time, besides the destruction of infested foliage or fallen 

 leaves. It is urgently requested that persons should also watch for 

 this insect and send reports and samples of infested leaves to our 

 office. Special attention must be given to this pest in this State be- 

 fore it spreads further. 



The Scurfy Scale. — This is one of the older scale insects on fruit 

 and shade trees, given its common name from the fact that it re- 

 sembles a flake of scurf or dandruff, such as is sometimes seen in the 

 hair. The female is gray and fan-shaped and about the size of the 

 letter "v" used in this type. The male is quite small and narrow, 

 being no larger than the body of the letter "i" in this print. Beneath 

 the scale of the female is to be found the purple eggs during the 

 wintertime and about midsummer. There are two broods per year, 

 the first hatching about the third week of May and the second hatch- 

 ing during the early part of October. The life history, effects and 

 remedies are practically the same is for the oyster-shell scale. Spray- 

 ing when the trees are dormant with such insecticides as are recom 

 mended for the San Josd Scale or spraying just after the eggs hatch 

 with mild contact insecticides, such as are recommended for aphids 

 or plant lice, is advised. 



The Tent Caterpillar. — As common and conspicuous as this pest is 

 it is often confused with other species of caterpillars or larvae of 

 moths. This name is given only to those hairy caterpillars which 

 hatch from a band of eggs encircling the twigs of cherry, peach, 

 wild cherry and a few other trees, and from tents of thick white 

 sheets of w-ebbing in the forks of the branches on the trees, during 

 the months of May and June. The tents may remain in a more or 

 less dilapidated condition during all the year, but the worms or 

 caterpillars do not remain in them after the latter part of June. 

 This term should not be given to the web worms, which construct 

 loose web coverings over the leaves of various fruit and forest trees 

 later in the year, nor should it be given to the caterpillars that de- 

 nude walnut trees and form bunches of cast skins on the trunks. 

 Tent caterpillars are to be killed by clipping off the egg masses dur- 

 ing the winter and spring, and by spraying with arsenical poisons as 

 soon as they appear and commence to form their tents in the spring 

 and by removing their tents with a brush on the end of a pole by 

 shooting them out of a tree with a shot-gun loaded with only powder 

 and paper. If a torch be used for burning them out, it can be made 

 effective, but is liable to injure the tree, unless one be careful to 

 hare it near the branches only a very few minutes. 



"Wooly Aphis. — This is a dark Blue plant louse, which secretes a 

 white waxy or wooly substance over its body that protects it from 

 cold, heat and water, and also from its enemies. The white coverinsr 



