50 



F F Fine. Moisten it, hold it in the fiiiqcrs this way, and then by 

 simply rubhiiiij: it back and forth in this way you can put on the very 

 finest edge. Do not use a knife unless you can shave with it because 

 it is ([uitc essential to have the cambium layer very nicely kept. 



A couple of years ago hearing of Mr. Hiedernian's work in the 

 use of the jilane for grafting with his Persian walnuts, it occurred 

 to me to try it with shagbark hickories. 1 went out in the barn to 

 look for a bU)ck plane and I found three or four rusty ones. I won- 

 dered where they came from and then it occurred to me that about 

 eight years ago 1 had thought to try the plane, and did try the plane, 

 but it was not a success. That was before we had any success in 

 grafting hickories. Now we may use the plane almost to the exclu- 

 sion of the knife in cutting our scions of hard wood trees. Perhaps 

 the majority of scions are shaped with the plane rather than with 

 the knife because it gives a much truer surface. The block plane, 

 then, I believe, is to be used more ami more instead of the knife be- 

 cause of the very true surface that we make on the scion and on the 

 stock and very (piickly. 



C^f course with a small scion of this sort that would be about 

 the slope that I would use for my ordinary splice. Fasten the splice 

 together and simply wrap it with ratlia. There is an ordinary splice 

 graft fastened with ratVia. That is the simple form that has given 

 me the best results and I have tried out all the fantastic forms of 

 grafting. 



Now T am going to use the j^lane on a little larger scion. That 

 is about the slope that 1 would use onlinarily. We will say this is 

 to be the scion and this the stock. In order to make them tit perfectly 

 I will use a smaller block plane. Now I will pass this about. You 

 see w i(h what absolute perfection those surfaces fit. You can s^t 

 absolute perfection of tit by trinuning a scion with a plane instead 

 of with a knife. Even the best experts, like Mr. Jones, who make 

 beautiful free-hand cuts, will iind that with a plane they may make 

 still better ones. That is one of the grafts that T would ordinarily 

 fasten just with rallia, but I will fasten one together with screws to 

 .show how it is done. Now we will say that this is the stock and 

 this is the scion. 1 am going to prepare them to fit each other. Some 

 will ask if 1 ever use a scion as large as that. Sometimes I use a 

 scion two or three feet long and as large as that in diameter. They 

 are full of vitality and make wonderful growth. In order to do this 

 1 trim it down roughly with the knife to the general shape before I 

 use (he plane. I will cut as true as possible with the knife in order 

 to simplify my work later. 



Mr. VVkhkr: In a large scion don't you have to have a larger 

 exposed surface? 



Or. Morris: T do not think that really counts. 



Mr. Smkoi.kv: Isn't the tree in the ground when you graft it? 



Dr. Morris : This is supposed to be in the ground. 



Mr. ]onks: You couldn't do a thousand of those a dav? 



