two or tliree generations tlie plant disappears. Then again I could 

 whow you cases wliere yields are greatly increased due to hybridity. 

 These are established facts, not only as regards species of plants and 

 trees but also as regards the human race. Hemy, in Dublin, who has 

 done the best work in this line of endeavor, believes that many of our 

 more rapid-growing trees are rapid-growing because they are hybrids. 



To summarize, I have tried to point out the fact that diversity 

 wliicli we see in nature is real, and that it is brought about by two 

 causes, namely, environment, and heredity. And that heredity is 

 brought about by factors in the bodies of the chromosomes which are 

 sluiffled around like cards in a pack; they reappear in the same way 

 that the cards will reappear. We have no means, as yet, of controlling 

 the appearance of the factors, but we have two methods of getting new 

 factors, as f ollow^s : 



One — ^The finding of new things in n;iture; that, probal)lv. is the 

 very best method that can be used. The work of the theoretically 

 planned' ])roject points out the tremendous importance of the excep- 

 tional individual. 



Two — By taking the exceptional individuals, and l)y crossing them, 

 you can recombine, although the results may be \ery complex, and 

 obtain characters that are very desirable. 



x\s ministers sometimes say to clinch the moral, I would say, "Seek 

 earnestlv that which is best and hold fast to that which is good." 



The President: Has anyone a question he would like to ask.^ 



Dr. ]Morris: In attempting to make crosses between juglans and 

 carya we find often that the pollen of carya will excite the cell of the 

 j uglans but without making a fusion. What is the element of the 

 male cell of the hickory which starts the female cell of the walnut 

 into action.^ 



The Secretary: I would like to ask Dr. Blakeslee one thing; he 

 showed the influence of the black walnut on the growth of the hedge, 

 and he showed that something other than the effect from the black 

 walnut had caused these plants to be dwarfed. Is that understood to 

 be a fact.^ 



Dr. Blakeslee: No; some of the effect was due to the black 

 walnut. 



Mr. Hicks: In some cases the trees get sick and die. I have 

 observed many plants and trees growing close to walnuts and I can 

 point out peach trees and other fruits planted close to black walnut 



