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in a single season, and it now has a very good crop. Numerous other 

 instances of pecan trees in the North might be cited, but these suffice 

 to establish not only the uncertainty of hardiness of the pecan in the 

 North, but also the probability of nut crops in occasional years or 

 oftener, well beyond the generally accepted range of the species. 



The hardiness of the Persian walnut is difficult to define. To 

 again quote Dr. Waite. "Jtiglans regia, as we know it in the east and 

 north, frequently succeeds over long intervals of time under conditions 

 of climate, soil, elevation, and general environment suitable for the 

 jjeach. It is perhaps a trifle more subject to injurj' by radical drops in 

 temperature, but it recuperates with decidedly greater difficulty." Dr. 

 Waite points out that there is a striking similarity between the require- 

 ments of local environment of the Persian walnut and the sweet cherry. 

 It develops th?it this is a familiar comparison in southwestern British 

 Columbia. Both require good drainage of air and soil, or the benefit of 

 moderating influence such as is afl^orded bj' large bodies of water. Also 

 botli are endangered by warm spells during the dormant months. 



These statements cover the situation quite correctly, as it is seen by 

 the writer, although it might be added that beyond or west of the Ohio 

 River, in the middle portion of the country, this species is seldom able 

 to sur\ ive for more than one or two winters. Many trees have been 

 ]ilanted in Michigan, but the great majority have passed out entirely 

 even where peaches normally succeed. However, it is the experience 

 of a few growers in Sanilac County, bordering Lake Huron, that within 

 a half mile of the lake, there is a greater profit in Persian walnuts than 

 in peaches. One grower at Lockport, New York, has found Persian 

 walnuts to pay better than other orchard crops which he has raised at 

 equal expense or upon equal areas of land. An orchard at East Avon, 

 widely known at one time and visited by the Northern Nut Growers' 

 Association in 1915, practically succumbed entirely after having borne 

 but one good crop in about 35 years. Mr. F. A. Bartlett, of Stam- 

 ford, Conn., who knows intimately many dozen trees of this species 

 within a radius of 50 miles of New York City, finds that few bear 

 significant crops except at long intervals. From Stamford, Conn., near 

 the Atlantic Seaboard, south to Norfolk, Va., Persian walnut trees are 

 not uncommon in door-yards. They are fairly frequent in southern 

 Pennsylvania west over practically half the length of the State and 

 through Maryland west to Hagerstown. There are perhaps more 

 productive trees in Lancaster County, than in any other county in 



