134 



either Pennsylvania or Maryland, with the possible exception of some 

 county of the Eastern Shore of the latter state, which section already 

 has been referred to. In Lancaster county yields are sufficient to give 

 considerable profit from trees not occupying expensive land. 



The Japanese walnut affords a curious anology in regard to hardi- 

 ness. During normal years, it succeeds over practically the same range 

 as that of the black walnut, yet it freezes in early fall, mild winter or 

 late spring when conditions are adverse, even wlien black walnut and 

 pecan nearby are not visibly affected. Mr. Jones finds the Lancaster 

 heartnut. a variety originating in his county, to be subject to injury by 

 spring freezing to such an extent that he has largely discontinued its 

 propagation. Mr. Edwin A. Surprise, of Boston, reports that this 

 variety grows well in summer but freezes back in winter about as much 

 as it grows in summer. Mr. Bartlett regards it as one of the most 

 valuable acquisitions in his nut planting at Stamford. Conn., as it is a 

 handsome, vigorous grower, and promises to bear well. As a safer 

 variety in the Lancaster district INIr. Jones has substituted the Faust 

 from Bamberg, S. C, which vegetates later in spring and thus far has 

 proved less subject to injury. 



The twigs of young black walnut trees are occasionally injured by 

 freezing in winter, but recorded instances of such damage are rare. 

 This is a field which should be investigated, as there is evidently no 

 data showing even the regularity with which the black walnut bears in 

 anv section, much less the extent to which fruiting is restricted by de- 

 struction of the buds or spurs as a result of severe temperatures in win- 

 ter or spring. This also applies to hardiness of the butternut, the hick- 

 ories and of introduced species of chestnut. 



Li conclusion, it is pointed out that planters should not assume that 

 the presence of a healthy tree is proof of sufficient hardiness to war- 

 rant extensive plantings, neither should they over-look the fact that an 

 occasional satisfactory crop may be but slim evidence of commercial 

 possibilities. It requires years of trial before a species or variety can 

 fully establish its hardiness. Yet, on the other hand, to wait to find a 

 kind of nut a hundred per cent hardy under all conditions, would be 

 not to plant at all. No varieties of any species are immune to winter 

 injury over any great portion of the United States. The planting of 

 nut trees in the nortliern part of the country is certain to go forward, 

 but for the present, east of the Rockies, large orchards of nut trees of 

 any species or variety must be regarded as fields promising for ex- 



