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c'onnuoii .scL-diiiigs. Tlic cleft graft ha.', been used successfully upon 

 seedling- trees ranging in. diameter from lA inches to as nnicli as 8 or 

 10 inches. In genernl. however, it has been found best to cleft graft 

 branches or limbs of no greater diameter than from t to 6 inches. 

 Such wounds, if properly handled, usually he^l over completely within 

 8 or 1 years. When Larger branches are used, decay is much more apt 

 to develoja in the wound before healing over is accomplished. 



The -cleft grafting work is accomplished in the usual way. Tlie 

 limb or branch is removed by sawing it off. The end of the branch is 

 the,n split with a regular grafting implement used for this purpose; 

 or the work may be accomplished with an axe. If the branch is large,^ 

 a wedge is driven in the center to hold th.e sj)lit cavitv apart and to 

 relieve the pressure upon the scions whieli are to be inserted. Wood 

 of the last season's growth is procured from the variety which it is 

 desired to projjagate and the lower end of the scion, which is made 

 about !• inches long, is whittled to a wedge shape, after which it is 

 inserted in the slit made upon the stock. Where the stock is more 

 than 2 inches in diameter, it is usually advisable to ])laee 2 scions; 

 and where the stock is as large as !■ to 6 inches or more in diameter 

 i scions should generally be used. After the placing of the scions 

 all the cut surfaces should be carefully covered with grafting wax. 

 Paper sacks are often used in our experimental work to cover the 

 grafts and cut surfaces for a week or 10 davs. It has been found that 

 -the inclosing of the grafted branches in paper sacks for this jDeriod 

 lessens greatly the evaporation, and more of the inserted scions are apt 

 to grow. 



The scions may grow very rapidly, in which case it is usually 

 necessarv to brace them bv tvino: a stick or branch to the stock and 

 allowing it to extend for 2 or 3 feet above the point at which the graft- 

 ing work was done. The inserted scions are then tied to this support. 

 It is very important that the grower examine grafts after wind 

 storms in order to repair damage which may have been done. 



Investigations at this station have shown that grafts usually bear 

 fruit in 1 3-ears after the grafting operation. We receive some fruit, 

 occasionally, in 3 years after the work is performed. It is also inter- 

 esting to note that when seedling walnuts of the same size ai'e selected, 

 some topworked and others untreated, the grafted trees after 5 years' 

 growth generally grow tops equally as large as the tops of the un- 

 grafted trees. 



