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the soil and climate about tliem. He illustrated this with instances 

 from his own experience. He stated that the chestnut, chinquapin, 

 hickory, pecan, hard shelled almond, butternut, hazel and filbert and 

 walnut will grow wherever the oak will grow. 



He suggested the formation of "Bird and Tree Clubs" in every 

 town as a means of interesting the people in the possibilities of horti- 

 culture primarily, and eventually in nut growing. The Boy Scouts, 

 Mothers' Clubs and Parent-Teaehers' Associations should also be en- 

 listed. "The education of children in the beauty of trees, shrubs and 

 flowers might well be called the primary grades of nut culture. The 

 planting, cultivation and pruning of nut trees come in the high school 

 courses. The budding, grafting and propagation of trees^ the creation 

 of new varieties, equal a college course." 



Mr. Spencer suggested the planting of memorial groves of nut 

 trees in honor of great civic leaders and others of noble character. 

 These would serve, also, to demonstrate to the public what kind of nut 

 trees will grow in that vicinit}^ The Farm Bureaus should persuade 

 fanners to plant groves of nut trees on their farms. One township 

 might thus be made an object lesson to a whole state. Avenues of, 

 and individual nut trees should be planted as memorials to the young 

 men who have given their lives in war for us. 



Mr. Niblack talked briefly, enthusiastically supporting Mr. 

 Spencer's views. 



]Mr. F. A. Bartlett of Stamford, Conn., read a paper on "Tree 

 Surgery and Food Production." After stating that all tree owners are 

 eventually confronted with the problem of preserving them from in- 

 terna] decay, instancing especially topworked nut trees, Mr. Bartlett 

 went on to speak of the delicate structure of the living parts of a tree, 

 especially the cambium layer, explaining how a wound on the bark of 

 a tree is healed by the rapid multiplication of the living cells in this 

 cambium layer due to the release of pressure, which causes the cambium, 

 or new tissues, to roll over the broken area. 



Mr. Bartlett gave an interesting review of the history of tree 

 surgery showing its great advance in the past twenty-five years and 

 the very highly developed and specialized profession that it has be- 

 come. He spoke of the 20,000 different kinds of insect enemies of 

 trees, most of which exist in four stage? making 80,000 forms of insect 



