no 



during the first part of September ^and with a sharp knife, cutting' out 

 the borers, their jiresence being fairly easily detected because of the 

 small deadened areas of the bark, and the bits of sawdust-like cast- 

 ings which are protuding from these areas. Trees that are in a 

 healthy condition and free from sun scald are not likely to become 

 infested by these insects. 



The following wash has been recommended by the Michigan Agri- 

 cultural Experiment Station : 



Common laundry soap 25 pounds 



Water H gallons 



Flake naphthalene 12^ pounds 



Flour 1 pound 



Place the soap in the water over steam pipes and allow it to 

 soften for a few days. Use a potash soap which will form a smooth 

 mixture, not a soda soap since the latter becomes jellylike. ^Then 

 place in a double boiler (we use a medium^ sized wash boiler placed 

 inside a very large one) and cook until the temioerature reaches 180° F. 

 Stir in the flour and add the naphthalene and bring the temperature 

 to 180° ¥., at which temperature the naphthalene will have melted, 

 the melting point of naphthalene being 176°, then cool as quickly as 

 may be, stirring the mixture occasionally. The more rapidly the mix- 

 ture is cooled, the smaller will be the crystals of naphthalene. The 

 mixture should be applied when warm with a brush. 



Hickory Twig Girdler. Hickory and pecan, as well as many other 

 trees are frequently attacked by this insect. Attention will usually 

 be called to the work of the insect by finding a large number of 

 twigs from eighteen inches to two feet or a little more in length 

 lying under the trees in the fall. An examination of the ends of these 

 twigs will show that they have been nearly gnawed off by some insect 

 which has worked around and around the twig, cutting through the 

 bark and wood. This cutting of the twigs is done by a small grayish- 

 brown beetle about one inch long that gnaws around and around the 

 twig until it is nearly ready to break off. An examination of the 

 fallen twigs will show small egg punctures along the twigs, or if 

 this examination is made in the spring, cream colored grubs will be 

 found working within the twig, in many cases reducing the twig to 

 a mere shell of bark. On larger trees, the injury by this insect is not 

 severe, but on small trees, the girdling of the main leaders and sev- 



