Ill 



eral laterals may cause a stunted and misshapen tree, as well as 

 seriously check the growth. 



Control Measures 



The most effective remedy for this insect is to pick up and burn the 

 fallen twigs from mid fall to early winter. At this time, the grubs 

 within the twigs have not worked to such an extent that the twigs 

 are likely to break when handled, and the cut twigs may be more 

 easily seen than if one waits until spring. The beetles have usually 

 all disappeared by mid September, so that the insect will be entirely 

 in the egg, or growing stage in the fallen twigs from about the first 

 of October, until the following September. 



Oak Tzcig Primer. The work of this insect closely resembles that 

 of the one just described, but the severed twigs will be found to con- 

 tain a single elongated yellowish grub which has worked inside the 

 twig, usually from a lateral branch, and has cut off the branch work- 

 ing from the inside. These grubs remain in the fallen branches during 

 the late summer and fall, and change next season to brownish, slender 

 beetles about three-fourths of an inch, in length. The beetles lay 

 their eggs in the twigs and small branches of many trees, being the 

 most destructive in oak. but frequently causing injury to some of the 

 nut bearing trees, and also to fruit trees. The branches which are 

 cut off by the Oak Twig Pruner will often be somewhat larger than 

 those injured by the Hickory Twig Girdler. In some cases, branches 

 to an inch in diameter and six to seven feet in length are pruned off 

 by this insect. 



Control Measures 



The most effective control measures are the same as those given 

 for the Hickory Twig Girdler, and consist of picking up and burning 

 the infested fallen branches during the late fall or early winter. 



The Walnut Caterpillar. Walnuts, hickories, pecans, and butternuts 

 grown anywhere in the upper Mississippi Valley are nearly sure to be 

 more or less injured each season by black hairy caterpillars which 

 wholly, or partly, defoliate the trees during the latter part of the 

 summer. Many walnuts and young hickories die every year in Illinois 

 due to the repeated stripping by these insects. The adult of these 

 caterpillars is a very pretty buff and brown moth about one inch long 

 when the wings are folded. These moths emerge during the summer 



