40 



showing the great difference in proportion of catches between shaded 

 and unshaded grafts is very significant. We must all go to shading 

 our grafts until the new graft shoots are well out. The shading is 

 then removed. This means a great deal of trouble but it works and 

 anything which works is profitable; that is the main point. 



Now that I have shown the method of topworking by using small 

 branches I will again give a demonstration of the proximal bark slot 

 which may be employed for bare limbs or even for trunks. I make a 

 transverse cut through the bark down to the wood. Above the trans- 

 verse cut I take out a generous slice of bark which will expose the 

 wood. Below the transverse cut I make two parallel cuts, the width 

 of the scion. The bark between these two parallel cuts is turned down, 

 the scion inserted and the tongue of bark is replaced, all being fastened 

 with turns of raffia. 



Mr. Rick: Are the scions ever larger than the stocks? 



Dr. Morris: Yes. The essential thing is to get the cambium 

 layers in contact on one side at least. Experimentally I have put on 

 a scion four or five times larger than the stock. For grafting purposes 

 in topworking you have to use a great many scions but you can use 

 economy in the matter. There is a requirement for a large amount of 

 scion wood. In the paraffin method you do not need so much wood. 

 You can cut your scions pretty short. The short ones grow just as 

 well as the long ones if they are paraffined, otherwise not. 



Prof. Neilson: Allowing for the proper cambium contact, the 

 bud must be in line with the contact? 



Dr. Morris: That may be important, although it will grow up- 

 side down. 



Mr. Green: You put the bud in right in line with where it joins 

 the cambium? 



Dr. Morris : I do not believe it makes vital difference because the 

 flow is doing a spiral course in a way. The sap has to follow the 

 spiral order of buds, consequently I assume that a short spiral or a 

 long one would not make much difference. If I put this graft in 

 upside down it will grow just as well as if I put it in right side up. 



About the amount to be cut back in top-working trees. That I have 



