72 



22 million. This is an orchard of seedling trees. It was not until 

 1910, or thereabouts, that California really got to planting grafted 

 trees. Probably 90 per cent of the production of walnuts today is 

 from seedling trees. The exact origin of the parentage is not known 

 but it is supposed to have been from South America. Strange to say 

 we never had any important importations of varieties from South 

 America. 



This is an Oregon view, showing one of the errors that Mr. 

 Hershey pointed out yesterday, that of too close planting, but it 

 shows also their intensive cultivation. Their high cost of overhead 

 is compelling experimental work along that line. 



This is a view that some of you may have seen before, some of 

 the California roadside black walnuts that were top-worked to stand- 

 ard varieties of the Persian walnut. It makes a beautiful picture, 

 but so often there has to be something to take the joy out of life. If 

 you would examine those trees closely you would find in every one 

 of them a great deal of heart rot in the center. We are fearing that 

 by this time (that picture was taken eight or ten years ago) those 

 trees have come down by reason of that heart rot. It does not pay to 

 make cuts more than 3 in. across if you can possibly avoid it. Branches 

 2 in. in diameter are as large as should be cut off if possible. 



Merely a passing picture to show you how walnuts look. Mr. 

 Hershey told you yesterday of yields of li tons per acre. The 

 average in California is around 800 lbs. or perhaps a little less. The 

 better cared for orchards produce upwards of 2,000 to 3,000 pounds, 

 which is very much more than has been realized in pecans in the South. 



The Persian walnut was early planted in the East, and you and I 

 have seen many beautiful specimens of trees over much of this country. 

 There are some in the Niagara peninsula, many in Western New York. 

 They are all through eastern Pennsylvania, down through the coastal 

 plain section of Delaware and New Jersey, eastern Maryland and even 

 Virginia. They are planted farther south, but they do not survive. 

 In fact, none of the walnuts, even the black or the Persian or the 

 Japanese walnut, seems to be long-lived in the plain sections of the 

 South. In Louisiana, where there are parts of the state that are quite 



