1888.] THE VENTILATION OF FARM BUILDINGS. 207 



Dr. BowEN. I think very likely, just as a man with a head 

 about as big as your fist does not think quite as much as a 

 man with a good development. 



Mr. Goodwin. In my experience, our best feeders have 

 their fattening animals exposed in the open air part of the 

 day, outside of the buildings. 



Dr. BowEN. I believe the best beef that is brought to the 

 Chicago market comes from animals that are never housed at 

 all. They are kept in the open air through the whole winter. 

 I think the gentleman who furnishes that beef has the repu- 

 tation of having the best fat stock in the country. 



Mr. Augur. Dr. Bowen has alluded to the open vinegar 

 barrel. I would like to ask him if an open vinegar barrel is 

 deleterious to the atmosphere ? 



Dr. BowEN. Perhaps not in itself, but it adds to the pun- 

 gency of the odors. I only brought it in with the others. I 

 think a little acetic acid is not objectionable. 



Col. Warner. I would like to inquire of the doctor what 

 he would advise as the best method of ventilating our stables? 

 He described in detail the way and manner of bringing pure 

 air into the stables. I did not catch the way in which he 

 would get rid of the carbonic-acid gas and the impure air in 

 a stable. 



Dr. Bowen. The carbonic acid gas will rise to the top. 

 Let this box represent your stable, and the bottom part the 

 apartment where your cattle are kept. The upper part will 

 be filled with vitiated atmosphere, and the lower part with a 

 more healthy air. If you simply make an aperture in the 

 roof, and connect it by a flue with the lower part of the sta- 

 ble, the bad air will find an entrance to it ; it will rush up. 

 If you hold a lighted candle there, you will see a flaring flame 

 rush up, showing that there is a strong current. Or if you 

 throw a little chaff into the flue, or a piece of paper, it will 

 be drawn up at once, showing the same. If that continued, 

 there must be a vacuum in this building, of course, suppos- 

 ing it were hermetically sealed. Under the immense pres- 

 sure — fifteen pounds to the square inch — outside of the build- 



