104 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



their possibly diseased but still beallhy lookiug cows tbau the State 

 will pay, and they are escaping fuitber loss. Of course there are man 

 ifest draw-backs to coihIikI iiig this sort of business iu the locality in 

 which owe lives. So, such cows are usually sold to a dealer and 

 are removed by him to some distant place, perhaps to another State. 

 I believe that this sort of traliic should be discouraged by special 

 legislation and by providing a safe market for tubercular cows. By 

 a safe market, 1 mean such an outlet for them as exists in Switzer- 

 land, for example. In that country, cows found upon tuberculin 

 test to be tubercular are not destroyed if they are still in the earlier 

 stages of disease, but they are marked by cutting a piece out of the 

 ear in a «haracteristic wa}', so that every one may know that the cow 

 is tubercular. Then the sale of cows so marked is not prohibited 

 but, by the obvious mark that is every where understood, every one 

 is warned that this cow must, for the safety of the owuer and his 

 herd, be kept in such a way that disease cannot spread from her. 

 This is easily accomplished by keeping the cow in a stable apart from 

 healthy cattle, by having her pastured apart from them and by heat- 

 ing her milk to 1G5 degrees F. for ten minutes. Some of these 

 tubercular cow s when kept under these conditions continue to render 

 useful service for two, three or even for four years. Cows that would 

 be a source of great danger aud loss in a herd may be kept iu this 

 way with profit. Their calves are almost always born healthy and 

 may be reared in health if they are removed from their dams soon 

 after birth, are kept away from tubercular cows and are fed on the 

 heated milk of such cows or on the milk of healthy cows. If herds of 

 cows in the early stages of tuberculosis were established, but only 

 under inspection and quarantine, their milk could, with proper pre- 

 cautions, be used for many purposes and such herds would furnish a 

 safe outlet for the reacting cows from other herds." 



It is regretted that the funds at the disposal of the State Live 

 Stock Sanitary Board are not suflicient to enable it to inspect all of 

 the herds that are offered for inspection, but since it is not possible 

 to do this the plan is adopted to make an inspection where the need 

 appears to be greatest; that is, where there is the strongest evidence 

 of existing infection. Since, on account of the financial limitations, 

 all lierds cannot be tested with tuberculin where owners apply for 

 inspection, it is necessary to rely upon a physical examination for the 

 detection and removal of the more advanced and therefore the 

 more dangerous cases. By means of this method of inspection 

 cattle with advanced tuberculosis or tuberculosis of the udder can 

 be detected. At the same time, advice is furnished as to the general 

 measures that should be adopted to restrict the spread of tuber- 

 culosis and also in respect to the improvement of the sanitary con- 

 dilions surrounding the cattle. But tuberculosis cannot be fully 



