156 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



developed only at tihe beginning of the operation, and therefore lit- 

 tle annoyance may be feared from this cause. The same may be 

 saJd about the gases evolved in the process; no smell was percepti- 

 ble more than one hundred yards away, and this only in the direction 

 of the wind. Of course the cremation ought to take place on the spot 

 where the post-mortem is held, and that must be at least one hundred 

 yards away from human habitation." 



Black Quartei\ — Black quarter has been found to exist in tihe fol- 

 lowing counties: Erie, Forest, Franklin, Jeflerson, Lackawanna, Mon- 

 roe, Pike, Perry, Potter, Susquehanna, Wayne and Warren. The 

 principle of controlling this disease is similar to that observed in 

 controlling anthrax. It is necessary to prevent the contamination 

 of the soil by burning the carcasses of the victims of this disease. 

 Vaccination against it is ettective and has been applied during the 

 year to 765 animals. On some farms the rearing of young cattle 

 without vaccination is impossible. The vaccine used for this work 

 has been obtained from Dr. D. E. Salmon, Chief of tihe Bureau of 

 Animal Industry, Washington, D. C, and has been effctive in every 

 instance. 



Haemorrhagic Septicaemia or Spotted Fever of Cattle. — This is 

 the disease that has been known heretofore in Pennsylvania as "Car- 

 bon County Disease" or '^Mountain Disease of Cattle;" it is 

 known in Germany as "Rinderseuche" and in southern Eu- 

 rope as "Barbone." It has existed in Pennsylvania for many years, 

 but has not been positively identified until the past summer. In an 

 investigation of an outbreak in Carbon county, in the vicinity of Ta- 

 mauqua, made by Dr. Gilliland and myself, it was possible to obtain 

 complete proof as to the identity of this disease and tlhere can be no 

 doubt that the various outbreaks of a similar nature that haA oc- 

 curred in the rougher and mountainous parts of the State are albo 

 occurrences of the same malady. This disease is believed to have oc- 

 curred during the past year in the following counties: Cameron, Car- 

 bon, Centre, Clearfield, Franklin, Forest, Huntingdon, Lackawanna, 

 Lycoming, Perry, Potter, Somerset, Wayne and Warren. The chief 

 symptoms are: Fever, loss of appetite, dullness, diminution of milk 

 flow, groaning, discharge of bloody mucous from the nose, staring 

 coat, red mucous membranes, sw^elling about the tlhroat; which is 

 hot, rather tense and painful and is sometimes accompanied by harsh 

 or difficult breathing. There is usually a little discharge of blood 

 from the anus. Sometimes there is a little leakage of blood through 

 the skin at various points as though the animal had been etuug by 

 large flies or pricked with needles. In other cases tihe disease seems 

 to affect the intestinal tract chiefly and in this case there is a diffuse 

 haemorrhagic gastro enteritis, causing much depression, accumulation 

 of gas, evidence of pain in the abdominal cavity and the faeces are 



