396 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



the caterpillar becomes a quiet pupa the skin of which is dnik brown, 

 and in this form remains for two or three weeks. At the end of 

 this period the pupa opens and the adult Codling moth appears soon 



Fig. 5.— Apple, cut to show work of Codling Moth, with 

 caterpillar leaving, at the side. Natural size. 



after the apple blossoms have fallen and the fruit which has "sef 

 is beginning to enlarge. The eggs are now laid, one in a place, on the 

 side of the apple, on its stem, or on a twig or leaf near by, a single 

 moth laying between fifty and a hundred eggs. These eggs hatch 

 in about a week and the tiny caterpillars crawl to the fruit to begin 

 feeding. Probably about eighty out of every hundred of these cater- 

 pillars enter the apple at the blossom end which now faces upward 

 or outward, but which as the apple grows larger will turn down with 

 it until it is beneath the apple. Here at the blossom end of the fruit 

 the caterpillar crawls in between the five little green projections 

 (calyx lobes) which later dry up and turn black, and begins to eat into 

 the substance of the apple, usually working to and around the core 

 where it feeds for nearly a month or until it is full grown. It then 

 eats its way to the outside of the apple and leaves it to find a place 

 in which to become a pupa. If the apple it has fed in be still on the 

 tree, the caterpillar on leaving it will probably crawl down the trunk 

 until it finds a piece of loose bark beneath which it can crawl. Here 

 it gnaws out an oval hollow in the bark, lines it with silk and be- 

 comes quiet. If the apple has fallen, however, any protected place 

 the caterpillar can find will be taken in which to form its silk co- 

 coon. This change usually occurs during July and the caterpillar 

 may either remain quiet until the following spring, or in some cases 

 become a pupa from which the adult moth soon comes to lay eggs for 



