No. 6. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 437 



COLUMBIA COUNTY. 



All parts of the county are not adapted to orchard culture. The 

 fruit grown on the hills is not only finer than that grown in the val- 

 leys, but the crop is more certain. Peaches bear in the valley about 

 two years out of five, while on hills 500 feet above the valley they 

 bear four years out of five. The hills generally have a yellow gravel 

 sub-soil. The leading apples are Baldwin, Fallawater and Maiden's 

 Blush; Smith's Cider and York Imperial are being planted, with good 

 prospects of success. Laubach (local), a red sweet apple, is grown in 

 different parts of the county for eating and for cider. It is a regular 

 bearer, hangs well on the tree; keeps in an ordinary cellar all winter. 

 Our correspondent reports that ''Cider can be made very late from 

 this variety fit to set before a temperance man or a preacher." 



The peaches grown successfully in the hill orchards are Alexander, 

 Early and Late Crawford, Elberta, Mt. Rose, Stephen's Rareripe, 

 Stump and Smock. Pears: Duchesse, Bartlett, Clapp's, Sheldon and 

 Kieffer. Plums, cherries and grapes are only grown for home use. 

 The following varieties are giving satisfaction when planted in 

 yards and gardens: Plums — German Prune, Lombard, Abundance, 

 Satusma. Cherries — Spanish Yellow, Black Tartarian, Governor 

 Wood, May Duke, Richmond. Grapes — Concord, Niagara, Brighton 

 and Catawba. 



CRAWFORD COUNTY. 



Little attention is paid to fruit outside of the portion known as 

 the grape belt, lying nearest the lake. The farmers of the county 

 are principally engaged in stock raising and dairying. For some 

 years grapes have been the leading fruit grown. Of late years, how- 

 ever, the black rot has attacked the vineyards, and many large plan- 

 tations have been dug out. Many growers are using Bordeaux mix- 

 ture on their vines with the' hope of saving them, and some with 

 very good success. A few small orchards planted from 150 to 300 

 feet above the level of Lake Erie are producing profitable crops of 

 apples, peaches, pears and plums. The varieties are: Apples — Bald- 

 win, Golden Russet, Gilliflower, Maiden's Blush and Rhode Island 

 Greening. Peaches — Late Crawford, Champion and Elberta. Pears 

 — Bartlett, Clapp's Favorite, Kieffer. Cherries — Gov. Wood, Black 

 Eagle, Ox Heart, Black Tartarian. The leading grapes here as else- 

 where in the State are Concord, Niagara, Delaware and Moore's 

 Early. 



CUMBERLAND COUNTY. 



All kinds of fruit do well, especially along the slopes of the North 

 Mountain and also the South Mountain or York Hills. European 

 plums and cherries, both sweet and sour succeed very well. All of 



