604 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



time is amply suflScient to keep the precipitate in suspension. This 

 can best be accomplished while the rig is moving from tree to tree, 

 thus allowing one man to do the whole work. Some growers in New 

 Yoik have rigged up attachments on the wheels of their spray wagons 

 which turn the agitating device and thus do away with this extra 

 hand labor. Where Paris green is used combined with Bordeaux 

 mixture, the latter helps to keep it in suspension and no further agi- 

 tation is needed than for the Bordeaux alone. 



Proper Placing of Pumps on Barrels. 



Most of the pumps are now placed on the end or head of the barrel. 

 For use in applying mixtures consisting of suspended materialis — 

 especially Paris green — it is very much better to place the pump on 

 the side of the barrel. When the barrel is laid down on its side, as 

 it must be in that case, a bottom with a depression at the center is 

 formed by the sloping sides. Most of the settling will go towards 

 this dei)ression and thus there will be really a smaller settling area 

 thf.n that aliorded by the flat bottom. Moreover, the flat bottom 

 and straight sides, when the barrel is used upright, otfer some re- 

 sistance to the movement of the liquid, while the sloping bottom, 

 in the case of the barrel on its side, otters little resistance and thus 

 aids rather than retards in the movement of the liquid. In order to 

 see how difficult it is to dislodge a comparatively heavy substance, 

 such as Paris green is, from around the sides of a barrel bottom, 

 place a small quantity of the poison in a flat-bottomed tumbler and 

 attempt to keep the material in suspension by stirring. It will be 

 found that it requires rather vigorous stirring in order to dislodge 

 the green from the bottom and keep it from settling around the sides. 

 [f this little experiment is performed, it will be well to note how very 

 much more eflective is a whirliug motion over a simple dipping, il- 

 lustrating the advantages of the whirling-paddle agitating device. 



How to Spray Properly. 



To spray properly is an art requiring both skill and intelligent 

 care to accomplish it successfully. Moreover, it is of the greatest 

 inifortance; for no matter how carefully the mixtures may be com- 

 pouEded or how nearly up to purity standards are the ingredients 

 used, full success is practically impossible unless the mixtures are 

 properly applied. It is not enough to go out with a vim and de- 

 termination ^'to do an everlasting good job" and give everything a 

 drenching. This is not only wasteful but positively less effective 

 than when a smaller quantity is properly applied; for when drench- 

 ing is practiced there will finally be less material on the trees, leaves 



