FARMS. 135 



September with winter wheat and rye, or if I turn over to seed, 

 alone. Quantity of seed, one peck of Herds-grass, three pecks 

 of redtop and eiglit pounds of clover. 



8. My plough-land is mostly covered with orcharding. I turn 

 over the sward often, and manure as highly as I can, therefore, 

 I very seldom top-dress, unless on my reclaimed meadows. To 

 these, I apply my manure in the fall, and spread and roll, that 

 the lumps may be broken up,' the land levelled, and thus receive 

 the strength of the manure. 



9. I compost nearly all my manure, deeming it much better 

 pulverized, and in a fitter state to give out its strength to the 

 roots of plants. My land is mostly heavy. I apply the manure 

 on the top of the furrow and incorporate it with the soil, by 

 means of the cultivator or harrow. 



10. I have used it to a considerable extent for the last ten 

 years, but am now using super-phosphate instead, and prefer 

 the latter. 



11. Plaster I used in former years, and thought it a valuable 

 stimulant ; of late, it has not seemed to improve the feed in 

 my pastures, and I have stopped using it. Oyster shell lime, I 

 have burned and used to a large extent, mixed with salt and 

 peat, thus destroying the acid in the peat, and making what I 

 consider a valuable compost, especially for fruit trees, either 

 with or without stable manure. 



12. Covered drains. I have many small stones on my land ; 

 double wall made of them I abhor : I therefore fill up my ditclies, 

 which are made three and a half or four feet deep, and as wide 

 as is needful to receive them, to witliin one foot of the surface, 

 making the drain at the bottom by laying down cobbles and 

 covering with flat stones. I then level oif with the dirt thrown 

 out, and draw the remainder to my yards or barn cellar, to 

 compost with my manure. 



13. At the first ploughing, from eight to eleven or twelve 

 inches, as the land will admit, with a double Michigan plough, I 

 have used a subsoil plough to some extent for the last eight 

 years, and should prefer it to a double plough, did it not require 

 an extra team. 



14. I have reclaimed bog meadow by taking off the sward, 

 planting for two years, with manure, and then seeding down. 



15. I have now, four large oxen and one horse. I summer 



