DAIRY STOCK. 315 



His cows were turned to pasture May 12, during the day, and 

 fed from the barn morning and night, until the 20tli, after 

 which they were kept on grass only, except that since the 8th of 

 August they have had corn fodder once a day. His practice is 

 to keep his cows in the stable every night through the year ; 

 and while fed from the barn, they are foddered twice in the 

 morning, once at noon, and twice at night — watered morning 

 and night, and left out only long enough to drink, unless the 

 weather is warm. From the first of March they are carded once 

 a day. Of food, other than hay, he fed to his stock, while in the 

 stable, subsequent to December 1,1855 — 8 bushels of pumpkins, 

 80 lbs. of oil cake, 21| bushels of English turnips, 410 lbs. of 

 shorts, 69 bushels of carrots and 5^- bushels of cob and corn 

 meal. Each cow had one peck of turnips or carrots per day, 

 in the morning, and the shorts and meal were fed on cut hay. 



In reference to the process of manufacture, Mr. Knight states, 

 that " after the milk is drawn from the cows, which is done 

 about sunrise in the morning, and at five o'clock in the after- 

 noon, during the summer, it is carried to the milk room or cel- 

 lar and strained into tin pans, from two quarts to three quarts 

 to a pan. The time the milk stands before skimming, varies 

 with the weather, generally from 36 to 48 hours. In the warm- 

 est weather, the creampots are set on the ice the night before 

 we churn. We churn twice a week. When the butter is taken 

 from the churn, the buttermilk worked out as clear as it can 

 be and salted, it is set away for 24 hours, when it is worked 

 over, and set away for 24 hours more. It is then worked over 

 again, weighed into pound balls and lumped for the market. 

 We generally sell our milk in the winter. I have 30 cents per 

 lb. for my butter, through the season." Mr. Knight notes that 

 his best cow did not do well in calving, grew afterwards poor, 

 and for a while gave but little milk. It will be observed, also, 

 that another was 18 years old. 



The greatest yield of milk of either one cow, on any three of 

 the first days of the month, was 41 quarts 1^ pint, by a native 

 cow, 12 years old. The greatest yield by the four cows, on the 

 first three days of any month, was 147 quarts 1^ pint, in June. 



William Robinson, Jr., of Barre, entered also in the second 

 class, four cows, of a dairy of eighteen kept together, their breed 



