68 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



Sweet, 20 Golden Russet, 15 Hunt's Russet, 15 Mother, 15 

 Red Astrachan. One return from Middlesex, gives as his list 

 for one thousand trees, 600 Baldwin, 200 Hunt's Russet, 100 

 Hubbardston Nonesuch, 100 Gravcnstein, 25 River, 50 Late 

 Green Sweet, 10 Fall Pippin. 



3. Baldwin, Rhode Island Greening, and Roxbury Russet. 

 One fruit grower in Middlesex, reports as best for " keeping 



and shipping," the Baldwin and Hunt's Russet. 



4. One of the largest apple grower sa) T s : Packing in clean, 

 tight flour barrels, and if wrapped in paper, will keep two or 

 three months longer. One uses very dry leaves between the 

 layers, another recommends saw dust and lime. The returns 

 are various, but all concur in the necessity of packing dry and 

 keeping cool. 



5. The best orchards are on strong, rich, but not too sandy, 

 loam. 



6. Thirty feet each way ; forty-nine to the acre. 



7. In the preparation of the soil for an orchard : trenching 

 or subsoiling the land, with a copious supply of manure ; and 

 if cultivated at all, only with some of the root crops, midway 

 between the rows, for the first few years. 



8. Draining uniformly advantageous, but not as yet, much 

 attempted. 



9. The ploughing of orchards always injurious, except when 

 very shallow. 



10. Most returns are in opposition to the cultivation of any 

 additional crops ; but, if any, only root crops. 



11. Mulching generally favorable, especially in dry soils. 



12. A liberal supply, annually, of any good stable or barnyard 

 manure. Leached or unleached ashes are desirable — applied 

 late in the autumn or early in the spring, at or near the surface. 



13. None, in the production of new varieties from seed. 



14. None. 



15. The borer, lice, canker-worm, caterpillar, and apple- 

 worm: remedy — for the first, immediate extrication ; for the sec- 

 ond, a weak alkaline wash ; for the third, tarring on a strip of 

 cloth around the trunk at the proper season, or by wooden or 

 metallic protectors filled with tar diluted with oil, or some 

 other liquid, to arrest the progress of the insect; for the fourth, 

 removal and crushing, and for all these, high culture, and fre- 

 quent stirring of the soil. 



