MANURES. 155 



The sum total of expenditures is, . . . $576 55 



Income of products of five years, . . . .1,331 23 



Balance in favor of guano, $754 68 



To which may be added improvement on land, . . 160 00 



$914 68 



South Deerfield, November 15, 1859. 



HAMPDEN. 



Statement of Dr. L. Long. 



My method of manufacturing and applying manure during 

 the last two years, has been as follows : — First, I manufacture 

 all the manure under cover, having a cellar under the whole 

 barn. Good soil is obtained from ridges and corners of fences, 

 dropped through the barn floor into the cellar. A sufficient 

 quantity of soil to absorb the liquid, say one foot in depth, is 

 kept under the stable, which, when saturated, is shoveled out 

 with the superincumbent solid manure, and composted — three 

 parts of soil to one of manure, thoroughly mixed, — with refuse 

 lime, ashes and plaster sufficient to retain all the ammonia. 

 This process is repeated about once in three weeks. The com- 

 post heap is repeatedly shoveled over, so that when it goes into 

 the ground we intend to have it mixed at least six times, and 

 the more good ingredients the better. 



Besides this shoveling, three hogs are usually kept constantly 

 on and amongst the manure. All the litter, straw, potato tops, 

 buts of corn-stalks, &c, are by them well rooted, and disappear 

 in the general mass. All the droppings in the barnyard, (which 

 is water tight,) are thrown into a heap, and nothing is allowed 

 to evaporate. 



My method at the barn, where I keep my family horse, is this. 

 I have a pen fourteen feet square, excavated three feet deep, 

 and flagged with flat stones ; opening into this is the privy 

 vault, over it is the hen roost, and into it is thrown all the horse 

 manure, litter, soap-suds and every thing that would cause an 

 offensive smell, or contribute to the manure heap. In this pen 

 a hog is kept the year round, who, when properly supplied with 

 soil, is required to do the composting. We keep a depth of soil 



