226 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURE. 



From the Report on Heifers. 



In many societies premiums have been given without regard 

 to best qualities, because the animal was fat, smooth and 

 large. This, the committee decided to be wrong, and therefore 

 laid down the following rules as a guide in the discharge of 

 their onerous duties. 



Rule 1st. Animals showing the best marks and most points 

 as a breeder. Rule 2d. Animals having the most and best 

 points as a milker and for dairy purposes. These qualities 

 combined, the committee judged to be all that was necessary 

 to make a cow profitable to the farmer, and they were of the 

 opinion that all animals of the bovine kind which lacked 

 those qualities were only fit for the slaughter-house when well 

 fatted. 



Perhaps you will ask what are the marks and points that 

 indicate a good milker and breeder. We will endeavor to 

 give them according to our judgment and that of others. The 

 head rather small, wide across the eyes, muzzle fine, nostrils 

 open and spreading, the eye large, full and bright, expressing 

 mildness and intelligence, ears thin, neck small at its junction, 

 with the head and back straight, flanks deep and full, legs rather 

 short, small and flat below the knee and hock, tail slender, 

 except at its upper end, mellow and elastic skin of a yellowish 

 color, indicating richness of milk, milk-veins large and spring- 

 ing out near the fore legs, and appearing well developed along 

 the body. These marks are essential in all heifers and cows 

 whether young or old, in order to make them profitable to the 

 farmer or dairyman. 



James Wallace, Chairman. 



PLYMOUTH. 



From the Report of the Committee. 



In submitting this report, your committee (on cows and 

 calves) deem it incumbent upon them to say that their awards 

 have not been made in accordance with " the quantity of milk 

 and butter for ten successive days in the months of June and 

 September," but, presuming the objects of the society to be to 

 ascertain as well what breeds of stock are best adapted to the 



