122 STATE BOAKD OF AGRICULTUEE. 



and A. B. Gulley. The time assigned to them wa? occupied by Secretary E. G. 

 Baird and Mr. C. W. Garfield. The se5sions of this Institute were ably presided 

 over by Hon, Geo. W. Phillips, member of the State Board of Agriculture. 

 Mr. Pliillips conducted the proceedings strictly according to the programme, 

 adjourning and convening the sessions without any motion of adjournment, and 

 calling up the next order when the time appointed for it had arrived without 

 any motion, thereby devoting the whole time to what was the proper business of 

 the Institute. There were two excellent choirs in attendance, which contributed 

 very materially to the interest of the meetings. 



TUESDAY EVENING SESSION. 



After singing and prayer Mr. Phillips made a few opening remarks expressive 

 of his gratification on account of the interest taken in the Institute, and tho 

 pleasure which they all felt in meeting with the representatives of the Agricult- 

 ural College who had come to aid them. He then called upon R. G. Baird, 

 Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture, to address the meeting on "Tho 

 Prospective Benefits of the Centennial Exhibition." This address is given with 

 others following the record of the Institutes. 



After singing an appropriate piece, Mr. Garfield of the Agricultural College 

 was called upon, who gave an unwritten address on 



THE APPLE ORCHARD. 



The address was in substance as follows : 



The most successful farmers in these days adopt some form of mixed luis- 

 bandi-y as the basis of their operations, and upon this plan the ap23le orchard 

 should occupy no subordinate place in arranging the crops for the farm. It 

 heli^s to make a good living, first, by furnishing the family with a supply of 

 healthy material for food ; second, by supplying a crop which i-; ready of sale, 

 and a valuable source of profit. 



The usual neglect of the orchard is sufficient excuse for any one interested in 

 fruit culture to strive by words and actions to keep constantly before the people 

 the most approved methods of culture, and management of fruit after it is 

 grown. There are great varieties of soil and climate with which we have to deal, 

 hence the necessity of keeping prominently before the people the most success- 

 ful practices among fruit culturists. 



One important consideration is often left out of our instruction in fruit-grow- 

 ing, viz. : the way of growing healthy nursery stock, and the most approved 

 methods of propagating young trees. Success in apple orcharding demands of 

 us that we know how the trees are handled in the primary department. It is 

 here that natural tendencies first show themselves, and where the adaptation to 

 habits of growth must begin. For instance, the apple orchardist should know 

 that there are good varieties, like the Red Canada, that to do well in the orchard 

 should not be grafted on the root, but some distance from the ground, on a 

 healthy, vigorous stock. 



In planting, very few varieties are required to be most succesiful, and these 

 should be chosen from the "iron-clad" varieties, and from stock not above two 

 years old. 



Trees should be purchased, if possible, at the nursery where they are grown, 

 and the nearer home the better. Those who simply deal in trees are usually 

 unprincipled men. In truth, the terms tree-dealer and liar are getting to be 

 interchangeable ones. 



