230 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



orchard will permanently suffer. Tlie planting of bush fruits is seldom 

 advisable in a large commercial orchard, for they interfere so seriously 

 in so many orchard oi>erations, especially spraying. The using of fillers 

 or early bearing and maturing varieties should not be undertaken by 

 any except those who are determined and willing to remove them when 

 they begin to crowd the })ermanent trees, or when the permanent trees 

 come into full bearing. 



Pears should seldom be planted among apples, as they require radi- 

 cally different methods of cultivation. Teaches or plums are being 

 hirgely used as fillers, and with considerable success on favorable loca- 

 tions. Their usefulness is about over at 12 or 15 years, but even if not, 

 they should be removed for convenience in caring for the orchard, and 

 to avoid crowding the permanent trees. 



If apples are to be used as fillers, such early bearing varieties as 

 Wagener, Grimes, Duchess, Wealthy, or Yellow Transparent, may be 

 used, and then it would be well to plant the permanent trees somewhat 

 farther apart than common. 



MIXED PLANTING. 



Many varieties will not bear well when planted alone, or in large 

 blocks. 



This is because they require the pollen from blossoms of other varie- 

 ties. Inasmuch as all varieties benefit by cross pollination, it is a good 

 thing to plant four or five rows of one variety and then four or five 

 rows of another, and so on. If the orchardist finds his trees barren from 

 lack of cross-pollination, he ma}' graft every fourth or fifth tree of every 

 fifth row to some variety having commercial value, blossoming at the 

 same time and having an affinity for the barren variety. 



*STERILE AND SELF-FERTILE VARIETIES. 



Apples more or less self-sterile: Belleflower, Chenango, Gravenstein. 

 King, Northern Spy, Primate, Roxbury Russett, Spitzenburg, Tolman. 



Varieties mostly self-fertile: Baldwin, Greening, Duchess of Oldeu 

 burg. Red Astrachan, Yellow Transparent. 



Varieties of pears more or less self-sterile: Duchess, Anjou, Bartlett, 

 Clairgeau, Clapp, Howell, Jones, Kieffer, Lawrence, Louise, Mount Ver- 

 non, Sheldon, Superfin, Winter Nelis. 



Varieties generally self-fertile: Bosc, Manning Elizabeth, Seckel, 

 Kieffer. 



Varieties of ])lums more or less self-sterile: Coe, Fellenberg, Satsuma. 



Varieties generiilly self-fertile: Burbank, Lombard, Damsons, Brad- 

 shaw. 



♦Bailey's Principles of Fruit Growing, page 229. 



