INJUEIOUS AND BENEFICIAL INSECTS. 245 



the adult beetle state in October and remained underground 

 for seven months before appearing in the spring. 



The larvfB (fig. 4) he describes as "whitish grubs, about 

 one inch and three-quarters long and over half an inch thick, 

 with a yellowish-brown scale on the part corresponding to the 

 thorax." I may add that it so closely resembles the young of 

 the May beetle that it requires a close examination to tell them 

 apart. The proportions of the two are much the same, — if 

 anything the Cokdjm is slightly shorter and thicker, and its 

 body is covered with short, still' hair, especially at the end, 

 while in the May beetle the hairs are much finer, sparse, and 

 the skin is consequently shiny. They also difter in the head, 

 being fuller, more rounded in Cotalpa, the clypeus shorter ond 

 very convex, while in the INIay beetle it is flattened. The 

 upper lip (labrum) is in Cotalpa longer, more rounded in 

 front and narrower at the base, and full, convex on the surface, 

 while in the young May beetle it is flat. The antenujB are 

 longer and larger in the Goldsmith beetle, the second joint 

 a little over half as long as the third, while in the jSIay beetle 

 grub it is nearly three-quarters as long ; the third joint is 

 much longer than in the latter grub, while the fourth and 

 fifth are of the same relative length as in the ISIay beetle, but 

 much thicker. The jaws (mandibles) are much alike in both, 

 but not quite so acute in the Cotalpa as in the other, nor are 

 the inner teeth so prominent. The maxilla is much longer and 

 with stouter spines, and the palpi are longer and slenderer in 

 the grub of Cotalpa than in the other, though the joints have 

 the same relative proportion in each ; the basal joint is nearly 

 twice as long as in the May beetle. The under lip (labium) 

 is throughout much longer, and the palpi, though two-jointed 

 in each, is much longer and slenderer in the grub of Cotalpa 

 than in that of the May beetle. The feet are much larger 

 and more hairy in the Cotalpa. Both larvse are about an inch 

 and a half long, and a third (.35) of an inch thick at the 

 widest part. 



As regards the number of years in the life of this insect, 

 Dr. Lockwood observes that "when collecting the larvae in 

 May, I often observed in the same places grubs of the Cotalpa 

 of at least four distinct ages, each representing a year in the 

 life of the insect, judging from Kenny's figures of the larvte of 



