INJUEIOUS AND BENEFICIAL INSECTS. 257 



our "Guide to the Study of lusects," it lays its eggs iu the 



stems of tlie solidago or golden rod. "It made a longitudinal 



incision with 



ragged edges 



into the pith of 



the plant, then 



■with its ovi-pos- 



itor forced its 



effffs a little dis- 



tauce down into 



the pith below Fig. 9.— The Dog-day Cicada. 



the external opening ; there were two rows of eggs succeed- 

 ing the first single one, each pair diverging outwards, the 

 lower ends of each pair nearly touching each other, and all 

 placed very near together." 



The pupa (fig. 10) is much the largest and thickest of the 

 three species, being nearly twice as bulky as 

 that of the two others. The head is very 

 broad, short, triangular, much shorter than in 

 the seventeen-year locust. There are no dark 

 bands crossing the body. It is an inch in ^'^- '"-pSsa.' ^'""^^ 

 length and nearly one-half (.45) an inch wide. 



One smaller species, the least cicada (C. rimosa), expands 

 a little less than two and a half inches, and has a narrow head, 

 with bright red markings on the head and thorax. For sev- 

 eral years in Brunswick, Maine, I have noticed that it began 

 its song on the 10th of June, and in this State it probably 

 sings by the 1st of that month. 



Its pupa (fig. 11) is in most respects intermediate between 

 the first two species. The head is broadly trian- 

 gular, like that of G. pruinosa. The antenna? 

 have shorter and smaller basal joints, and not 

 much larger than the second, while they are 



^ . . . "^ . Fig. 11.— Pupa of 



very unequal in size in the two other species ; Ckada rimoso. 

 the third joint is much shorter than that of C. septemdecim. 

 The front of the head is much more hairy than in the others. 

 The thorax is shaped much as in C jpruinosa, but the insect 

 differs from both species in having a broad, dark brown con- 

 spicuous band on the hinder edge of each thoracic and abdom- 

 inal ring. 



33 



