INJURIOUS AND BENEFICIAL INSECTS. 261 



large as the rest, wliile the ninth is much smaller, being round- 

 ed and bearing two dorsal, upcurved, acute hooks. There are 

 a few scattered hairs over the body. The six thoracic legs are 

 well developed, and there is a stout, short anal prop-leg. As 

 usual there are nine breathing-holes (stigmata) on each side 

 of the body. The head is somewhat flattened, squarish, the 

 postclypeus (as we may call the triangular inclosure in the 

 top of the head), shield-shaped with apex acute, and with two 

 shallow pits (e3'es?) on each side of the middle. The true 

 clypeus is short, transverse. The feelers (antennfe) are in- 

 serted on the side of the head, and are as long as the clypeus 

 is broad ; they are four-jointed, with the third longest, the 

 fourth very slender, not cjuite so long as the second. Upper 

 lip (labrum) transversely oval, elliptic, the front edge curved, 

 and the surface moderately convex. The jaws (mandibles) 

 are stout, black at tips, three-toothed, the upper tooth small, 

 the two lower ones equal. The maxillte have four-jointed 

 palpi reaching to the end of the closed mandibles ; the joints 

 of nearly equal length ; the third slender, 

 but scarcely longer than the basal joint. 

 The labium, the lower or under lip, is 

 small and situated on a long, narrow 

 mentum ; the palpi are two-jointed, the 

 joints sub-equal, the second but a little 

 longer than the first. Length of body .65 ; ^fsfffrT F^S^T *^^ 

 thickness one-tenth of an inch (50 speci- ^W^ 

 mens.) The pupa (fig. 15) is white, long^jg,, i,,„ji.-._L,,^^^„d 

 and slender, with the club-shaped antenna? PupaofLan^na. 

 reaching to the middle of the anterior tarsi ; the tarsi of the 

 middle pair of legs reaching to the hinder edge of the first 

 abdominal segment ; hinder pair of legs concealed, with the 

 exception of the femora-tibial joint, by the wing-covers, the 

 latter being long, pointed and ribbed ; they reach to the end 

 of the fourth abdominal se2:ment. Near the hind edsfe of each 

 segment is a dorsal ridge, bearing stiif hairs, and from three 

 to seven unequal sharp spines, which on the sixth segment are 

 arranged in two irregular rows, with six larger than the rest, 

 and tipped with black. On the terminal segment are two 

 large, equal, erect, long and slender blackish spines, and a 

 pair of ventral, sharp tubercles on the seventh segment. 



