KELAXrVTE VALUE OF FAE^XG. 283 



two cents per quart for milk maiuifcietured into cheese ; and 

 no factory reached two and a half cents. In the dairying sec- 

 tions this is nearly all the income of the farm. The hay is 

 needed for winter food of the cows, and the grain raised is not 

 sufficient for home consumption. If any beef is sold, the pro- 

 ceeds are needed to replace cows taken for that purpose. If 

 any pork is made, the profits arising therefrom are very small. 



I have spoken of the value of milk for cheese, but have 

 omitted the whey. Of how much valne this is it is difficult to 

 determine definitely. In some cases factories have reported 

 it to be quite valuable, by giving the cost of hogs and the 

 grain fed to them on the one side, and the income from the 

 pork on the other, giving all the gain to the whey ; while in 

 other cases, in different years, upon the same calculation, the 

 whey has been more than worthless ; so that it is not safe to 

 place a high value upon it. Now, if the Massachusetts farmer 

 in the dairy sections will take a careful inventory of all the 

 capital invested, keep an exact account of his own labor, and 

 all the labor employed on the farm for the year, with all 

 the expenses attendant on the management of the farm on the 

 one side, and all the sales, together with the support of the 

 family, on the other, and when the balance is struck, if there 

 is found more than the interest of the capital invested, then 

 milk can be produced for less than two and a half (2^) cents 

 per quart. 



I am confident, from the best information I am able to ob- 

 tain that a careful analysis of the whole matter would fail to 

 give six per cent, interest on the capital invested. I have ex- 

 amined the cost of help at cheese-factories, and find it will 

 require a dairy of at least twenty cows to bring an income 

 sufficient to balance the account ; and will require a less amount 

 of help than the farm that will support the above number of 

 cows. Thus on the one side labor alone is requisite, while on 

 the other labor and capital are required. " But," says one, 

 "would it not be better to sell the milk, and let the cheese be 

 made farther from our markets?" I reply, that all the milk 

 cannot be sold, as there is a greater supply than demand. I 

 find, also, from one town in Worcester County, where a car 

 was run daily to Boston for the transportation of milk, the 

 price paid to the farmers for their milk, delivered at the car, 



