NOT A SHORTHORN FARM. 169 



somest, put the Scotch pine there, and the harder the winds 

 blow, and the more the sea-fogs drive in, the faster it will grow. 

 If you want the next best tree, get the Austrian pine, — one of 

 the sturdiest, one of the most splendid and reliable of all 

 European trees. If you wish to transplant evergreens, 

 whether white pines, Norway pines, Austrian pines, or Scotch 

 pines, transplant early in August. That is my experience. I 

 can make inore white pine trees grow if transplanted the first 

 week in August than at any other time, simply because the 

 wood is formed, and they will go to work and take root for 

 the next season. I cannot transplant white pines in May or 

 June or July ; I cannot transplant them in autumn ; but I 

 can in August, and have them live ; and so of all the trees of 

 that character that I have ever undertaken to set out. 



So much for trees ; now for the cattle — the cattle that live 

 under the trees. That reminds me of another point that was 

 made. You see how much I have to do, if I clean up as I go 

 along. Mr. Emerson, who knows about trees and loves trees, 

 says, if you want your cattle to enjoy themselves, and to 

 thrive, let your trees stand in the pastures, so that they can 

 find shelter from the hot noon-tide sun. Now, the experiment 

 on this point has been carefully tried. Half a dozen oxen 

 were put in a pasture where there was an abundance of shade, 

 and it was found that they passed their time under the trees, 

 when they ought to have been feeding, and their thrift was 

 small; but when their pasture was changed, and they were 

 put where they had no opportunity to seek this shade, they 

 throve much better. I have never seen the slightest benefit 

 from trees in a pasture. 



Now, I come to the subject before us — Cattle Husbandry. 

 The first question is to find out exactly what kind of cattle 

 your farm is suited to. We have at various times introduced 

 Shorthorn cattle into Essex County, and they have not suc- 

 ceeded well. Essex County has not in it to-day a single 

 Shorthorn farm. And when I talk about a Shorthorn farm, 

 I mean a farm that is so luxuriant in its pastures, so abundant 

 in its hay-crop, that. Shorthorns can do as well here as in 

 Ohio, Illinois and Kentucky, and in some parts of the Con- 

 necticut Valley. Here and there in New England there is a 

 Shorthorn farm, — a farm adapted to the growth of large beef- 



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