DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES. 291 



to them, with much care, and have awarded to Miss Mary E. 

 Smith, for the best loaf of wheat bread, the first premium of 

 one dollar, and to Miss C. McCartliy, for the second best, the 

 second premium of fifty cents. To Miss Julia M. Downe, for 

 the best loaf of bolted rye, one dollar. For the best loaf of 

 brown bread, a majority of the committee have directed me to 

 report the first premium, of one dollar, to Miss Sarah Marshall; 

 and to Miss Alice J. Wellington, the second premium of fifty 

 cents. Other samples of brown bread were offered, which, in 

 the opinion of some of the committee, were quite equal to the 

 above. 



E. TORREY, Chairman. 



HAMPSHIRE, FRANKLIN AND HAMPDEN. 



From the Report of the Committee. 



Manufactures, as defined, are all those products of human 

 industry Avhich are the result of a change of form in the raw 

 material, for some useful purpose. The very name manu-facture 

 indicates something made by the hand, in distinction from what 

 is the work of nature. 



Manufactures may be viewed in their relation to political 

 economy, or the economy of a nation, as they often have been, 

 in our own country, for the last twenty or thirty years. They 

 may also be viewed in their relation to domestic economy, or the 

 economy of households ; and it is chiefly in this relation that we 

 who are collected in an agricultural association would naturally 

 be inclined to view them. 



Anciently much more was done in families than now, in 

 manufacturing articles of utility and luxury, which were in 

 general use. In the hunter or the shepherd state, the man who 

 makes a bow from an ash tree, or an arrow head from flint, is a 

 manufacturer ; the woman who grinds corti between two stones 

 or in a mortar, and bakes it into cakes, is a manufacturer. In 

 the time of Solomon, the good housewife was one " who seeketh 

 wool and flax, and worketh willingly with her hands." " She 

 maketh herself coverings of tapestry ; her clothing is silk and 

 purple. She maketh fine linen, and delivereth girdles to the 

 merchants." 



