No. 6. Department of agriculture. i51 



borers returned in the late fall, but were present although very small, 

 and were almost all on the outside of the tree, but few had i cached 

 beneath the bark. The explanation of this is found in the fact that 

 they were yet very young, and come only from eggs that were depos- 

 ited very late in the season, and which would have been prevented 

 or destroyed by the later treatment. 



(cj Our Slimmer experiments ivith the lime-sulfur solution, extra 

 dilute, pioved conclusively that it could be used in many instances 

 as a spray to take the place of the Bordeaux mixture as a fungicide. 

 To this was added arsenate of lead at the same rate as to the Bor- 

 deaux. To make the dilute lime-sulfur solution for the pome fruits 

 (apple, pear and quince), as well as for grapes and potatoes, we made 

 it the regular dilution to the San Jose scale strength of 1.03 on the 

 hydrometer, and then took one part of this dilute solution in ten 

 parts of water, which would make the hydrometer test of 1.003, but 

 which is really too dilute for accurate reading by the ordinary 

 hydrometer. Two or three pounds of arsenate of lead is added to 

 fifty gallons of this extra dilute solution to kill chewing insects. 

 Abount the same strength, or at least a satisfactory strength, is ob- 

 tained by taking one gallon of the concentrated solution in forty 

 gallons of water. 



It was found that the dilute lime-sulfur did not satisfactorily take 

 the place of the Bordeaux mixture on grapes, and it is not yet certain 

 ihat it will do so on potatoes. It is, however, positive that it does 

 not russet the pome fruits, — or apple, pear and quince, — as does the 

 Bordeaux when used during damp weather. 



On the stone fruits the self-boiled lime-sulfur solution, according 

 to Scott's formula of eight pounds of stone lime and eight pounds 

 of sulfur in fifty gallons of water, slaked together by its own heat, 

 is preferred, although the concentrated solution can be used by dilut- 

 ing it about four times as much as for the pome fruits. 



{(I) Experiments with spraying apparatus have shown more and 

 more the efficiency of the compressed air sprayer, and we are now 

 safe in predicting that the power sprayers will come more generally 

 into use in this State, and among these the compressed air sprayer 

 run by a small gasoline engine in connection with a small air com- 

 presser, carried on the spray Avagon, will prove to be of great value 

 to orchardists. 



The further general and very extensive use of the conical strainer, 

 which we invented some years ago and gave to the public without 

 patent, proves that this particular piece of apparatus is by all means 

 the most satisfactory form of strainer that can be used, and in every 

 featuie so far excels the "mud box strainer," which was recently 

 brought before the public, that there is no comparison in the merits 

 of the two. There is absolutely no valid objection whatever to the 

 conical strainer. It is light and convenient, and does the work prop- 

 erly. From the illustration shown herewith one can have it made 

 by a tinner. 



The cone of the strainer is of brass wire cloth built upright over a 

 supporting cone of coarser galvanized iron wire, of about four meshes 

 to the inch. The brass wire cloth should not be coarser than thirty 

 meshes to the incli. The diameter of the galvanized wire funnel 

 should be about fifteen inches or more. 



