No. 6. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 245 



farm machinery, they could carry this burden for the benefit of the in- 

 dustrial classes without feeling it." In Germany, however, he claimed 

 the situation was just the reverse. Germany imports agricultural pro 

 ducts, competing in the world's markets with its manufactured pro- 

 ducts. Now, he said, when a country competes with other nations of 

 the world for a market, its protective taritf system is of no avail. On 

 the other hand, he claimed, that science, as applied to industry, had 

 reached the highest development of any country in the world, and the 

 industries could afford to be taxed for the support of the farmers of 

 Germany. In other words, he claimed, that the protective tariff in 

 Germany made the farmer more prosperous ; while in America it made 

 the manufacturer more prosperous. This gentleman was a Canadian, 

 and consequently looked at those things somewhat differently from 

 those who live under a protective tariff. He did not state the problem 

 fully. The German Scientist has calculated, it is said, just how many 

 more people can be supported on the farms of Germany if the crops 

 which are raised are fed to livestock, and the manure put back on the 

 land, then if the crops were sold. 



The German Emperor is in favor of keeping the largest possible 

 population upon the farms, because it means for him a strong army 

 and a strong navy. The German Government, therefore, maintains a 

 fiscal system which promotes the keeping of domestic animals, and to 

 offset the burden which the industries must carry, in connection with 

 this fiscal system, applies the highest scientific intelligence to its in- 

 dustrial enterprises. 



There is one further impression which has ripened up in my mind 

 sinr-e T have visited Europe. I find that I have been giving too much 

 emphasis to our natural resources. I have given too large a place to 

 the advantage which we derive from the fact that we are a compara- 

 tively new country. No one will seek to deny that we have great natu- 

 ral resources, or deny that we should conserve these natural resources 

 in every possible way; but, it seems to me, that the agricultural possi- 

 bilities of France are to-day as great as any similar area in America 

 of which I have any knowledge. A former Consul to Canada from 

 Argentina once said to me; "I do not look upon the United States as 

 a nation, I look upon it as a new civilization." I did not then under- 

 stand what he meant, but I think now I have some notion of it. The 

 fundamental reason for America's prosperity does not lie so much in 

 its natural resources as in its civilization. I have, therefore, come to 

 believe as I never believed before that this country-life-movemnt. of 

 which Director Bailey has spoken to-night, is the most important prob- 

 lem which we have to face. We can not rest upon our natural re- 

 sources ; if our children are to inherit the earth, progress is necessary. 



'T.WDTJNO TFTE APPLE CKOP 



By C. J. TYSON, Floradale, Pa. 



Before taking up the handling of the apple crop, as is my pur- 

 pose to do, T would say thnt 1 consider this one of the most profitable 

 crops to be grown on the farm; a crop, to the growing of which, many 



