No. 6. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 253 



know nothing of farming that is no opportunity for me. I would 

 starve to death. If I am an ordinary farmer, practicing the same 

 methods as my remote ancestors, possibly 1 can make a living from 

 that field ; hut if I am a scientific farmer that field is a great oppor- 

 tunity for me and j)resents great possibilities. The other day in Har- 

 risburg one of the legislators seemingly ridiculed this farmers' insti- 

 tute work, that there was too much theory in it. Gentlemen, I have 

 never been afraid that the majority of our farmers will get too much 

 theorv into their practice. I think thev should have more theorv. 

 To make them think and sit down and work out the problems and try 

 a little bit of theory in their general farming operations. There are 

 too many things on which we do not have the whys and wherefores. 

 For instance, about this time of the year we fruit men are spraying for 

 codling moth and curculio. What would it avail us if we knew noth- 

 ing of the habits of life and the methods of control. It Avould avail us 

 nothing. And this, gentlemen, is the reason why some farmers are 

 able to make a success and other farmers make a failure. There is no 

 doubt a great opportunity in this old State of Pennsylvania, for the 

 right kind of men, for Pennsylvania is being stirred up along the lines 

 of horticulture such as never before, and if there is any one reason why 

 I am proud of being a Pennsylvanian it is because she is able to pro- 

 duce fruit of the highest quality and within the next decade she is 

 going to increase that fame until distancing all competitors. 



HORTICULTUEE: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE 



By W. W. FAENS WORTH. Waterville, 0. 



This topic has a wide range because I did not know the character 

 of the audience I was to address. In coming here from Ohio yester- 

 day, speeding along past the farms and cities, my mind went back to 

 the time 75 years ago when my mother left this country, traveling 

 across the country to the Far West of Ohio in the old Conestoga 

 wagon, and I thought of the great changes in transportation since that 

 time and wondered if the agriculturists and horticulturists had kept 

 pace with improvements in other lines, and I thought possibly just a 

 few moments spent in looking over the advance in horticulture might 

 be of value to us in forming a little better analysis and arriving at a 

 better understanding of our conditions at the present time. That does 

 not mean that I am going to give you the history of the apple from the 

 Garden of Eden to date because most of us live in the present. But 

 we realize that in the early days of horticulture it was a simple matter 

 of planting and God did the rest and fruit throve luxuriously. All 

 that was necessary was to plant and harvest, and the market was un- 

 certain and unreliable; sometimes a little demand, but in the main 

 it was well supplied with the products of the farm orchard. Then 

 later there came a period when the insect and fungus enemies began 

 to arrive and we had no means of combating them. Horticulture was 



