No, 7. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. ' 71 



ciliated animals. It is only by exposing or by inoculating vacci- 

 nated and unvaccinated animals that the precise effect of vaccina- 

 tion can be determined. The unvaccinated animals furnish a stand 

 ard for compa-risou. When it is found that the unvaccinated ani- 

 mals become tuberculous and that vaccinated animals, equally inocu- 

 lated or equally exposed, remain free from infection, it is possible 

 safely to conclude that the vaccination is responsible for the immu- 

 nity possessed by the vaccinated animals. The experiments upon 

 vaccination will be reported upon at length in another place, but it 

 may be here stated that, by means of vaccination, animals have been 

 fully protected against tuberculosis for a period of two years when 

 they were kept under conditions that lead to the infection and, in 

 some cases, to the death from tuberculosis of unvaccinated cattle. 

 Our constant effort during the past year has been to determine the 

 simijlest and cheapest means of conferring immunity by vaccina- 

 tion. We feel that we are now justified in beginning the vaccina- 

 tion of farmers' herds, as we have proven that when properly con- 

 ducted, the procedure is not dangerous to cattle, and that a large 

 degree of protection is furnished. For the time, we shall confine 

 the application of vaccination to young cattle, for until further expe- 

 riments are completed, we do not deem it advisable to vaccinate 

 milk cows or heifers that will soon enter upon milk production. 



We are also making some additional experiments upon the treat- 

 ment of cattle recently infected with tuberculosis, and we have shown 

 that vaccination applied to such cattle has a distinct curative effect. 

 It is our purpose to determine to what extent this effect may be 

 relied upon in practice. Experiments planned to throw light upon 

 this point have been authorized by the State Livestock Sanitary 

 Board, and are now in progress. 



As experiments in these various lines are of such great economic 

 importance, and as the questions to which they pertain cannot be 

 solved for a long time, and as special facilities are required for the 

 study of some of these important problems, I wish to recommend 

 that a farm be purchased by the State for use in connection with the 

 laboratory work of the State Livestock Sanitary Board. Such a 

 farm as is now rented for this purpose, with a slight amount of addi- 

 tional equipment, would fulfil our present requirements. The live 

 stock industry of Pennsylvania is so great and the various infectious 

 diseases of animals are of so much practical importance to the stock 

 grower, that I believe there is ample justification for the step I rec- 

 ommend. In addition to tuberculosis, there are numerous other dis- 

 eases that require special study in order that means may be found 

 to combat them effectively and economically. 



Expenditures: For the fiscal year ending May 31, 1904, the State 

 Live Stock Sanitary Board had available $45,000 for its general work 

 in repressing the diseases of animals. Expenditures under this fund 

 may be classified as follows: For tuberculous cattle, |28,139.55; for 

 glandered horses, |942.00; for inspecting tuberculous cattle and 

 herds, |3, 627.33; for inspections for the purpose of repressing dis- 

 eases other than tuberculosis, vaccinations, etc., |2,936.32; for the 

 cost of enforcing quarantines, for materials used in making tubercu- 

 lin and for making and shipping tuberculin, etc., -f 2,820.03; for office 

 and miscellaneous expenses, |4,053.15; for the enforcement of the 

 law requiring the inspection of cattle from other states, $2,481.62. 



