No. 7. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 227 



four cents a pound for protein and that goes a good ways in a year. 

 Now you have got to look at that thing so as to get the food that is 

 healthful and that will keep the animal in good spirits and that costs 

 the least — that having those other two qualities, cost the least. 



Take malt sprouts; I suppose |18 would be about right for the 

 malt sprouts, so they would run to about five cents and gluten meal 

 about seven cents. The question is, what will produce the most 

 milk, what is best for the animal and what will cost least having 

 those other two qualities, and fourth, the value of the by-products? 



Take cotton-seed meal, for example. It has 24.20 cents worth of 

 fertility to the ton and your cow will throw into the stable 80 per 

 cent, or in the neighborhood of |20 of a by-product, whenever she 

 eats a ton of the cotton-seed meal. Now take all of these features 

 and there you have got it. That is the reason I give this to you; I 

 don't w'ant to occupy your attention but two or three minutes 

 longer. We must give our attention to these things, Heaven knows 

 Pennsylvania needs it, and we have got to get down to this problem 

 or throw up the sponge. 



I sold my farm recently and now I am after another. They come 

 to me and want to sell me a farm and I find they have either got to 

 sell it or go to the poorhouse. Now, I would rather pay |200 an 

 acre for good growing soil than take some of them for nothing. I 

 say we need it, and the young stock, the dairy stock, all the stock we 

 can raise to a profit is the solution of the restitution of these acres 

 and in the selection of food; that has got to be kept in view. We 

 must improve the land in this way. There must be the careful se- 

 lection of foods, as has been indicated and you get your fertilizing 

 material and it comes back on the land in that way you will be ris- 

 ing up higher and higher all the time until you stand triumphant as 

 having dominion over the works of his hands. 



Now I shall take the liberty of stopping right here. I just came 

 to give you this single hint. Take this with you, (referring to 

 chart) and study it. That is done very easily, and I beg of you that 

 you go out this winter before these institutes and with all the 

 i-arnestness and emphasis possible, wake up our grand old Common- 

 wealth on some of these questions that may add so much to its pro- 

 fit. 



The CHAIRMAN: We will now have the questions that have been 

 collected. 



ROUND TABLE— SECTION A. 

 (Conducted by Prof. Watson and Dr. Thayer.) 



PROF. HANTZ: I would like to ask how far in-breeding can be 

 done so that it may be profitable. 



PROF. WATSON: I don't believe it is safe for me to attempt to 



