290 ANNUAL, REPORT; OF THE Off. Doc. 



MK. PHILIPS: The difference is in the markets of the two men. 

 Mr. Watts has the market of Johnstown; Mr. Hchwarz has the mar- 

 kets of Phihidelphia and New York. One chiss of people require 

 and will pay for an article which the other will not. 



MR. SCHWARZ: I insist on quality in whatever one does. 



MR. DRAKE: In your intense manuring are you ever troubled with 

 cabbage bursting? 



Answer: I would get the cabbage off to market before it has a 

 chance to burst. Plant a little later if you are troubled with burst- 

 ing. 



MR. SCHWARZ: If your cabbage bursts, it is generally after a 

 rain. Kick all your heads sidewise and you will have no bursted 

 cabbage. 



MR. SCHWARZ: Would you qualify your statement as to putting 

 cow manure with horse manure? 



Answer: Don't use large quantities of cow manure, but a small 

 addition of it will prolong heat in the hot-bed. 



QUESTION: ''Would you recommend pasteurizing soil in hot-beds 

 and cold frames by the use of boiling water and heat?" 



Answer: Investigation does not show that that is practicable. In 

 answer to an inquiry, the Department of Agriculture said that noth- 

 ing definite had been discovered along this particular line. You would 

 be likely to destroy, with the disease germs, the elements of fertility. 

 These, however, could be replaced by the use of commercial fer- 

 tilizers 



MR. THAYER: Are you troubled much with fungus in fresh soil? 



Answer: Spraying with Bordeaux mixture is recommended as a 

 remedy. 



MR. SCHWARZ: Is not that largely due to defective drainage? 

 Don't use soil in which cabbage has been grown the year before. 



PROF. SURFACE: Any trouble with black rot? 



MR. SCHWARZ: Only on cauliliower and we overcame it by spray- 

 ing with Bordeaux mixture. 



PROF. WATTS: If the drainage were imperfect that would add to 

 the trouble. All our diseases are caused by germs. Excess of mois- 

 ture in soil or atmosphere would make it worse. 



PROF. SURFACE: Is there no remedy for black-rot? 



