296 ANNUAL REPORTi OF THE Oft. t>oC. 



its appearance to infest the second crop, and thus insures seed 

 by a means better than any other that can be recommended. 



(4) The immediate destruction of unused parts of plants and all 

 fallen fruits is imperative if one wish to avoid their diseases and 

 pests of plants of this kind during another year. For example, if one 

 should cut ofif the tops of turnips and leave them in the field, the lice, 

 and particularly the eggs of lice which infested these plants, would 

 be left there to become the source of continued infestation next vear. 

 If cabbage heads be cut out and some of the leaves and roots be left, 

 the enemies which may be on and in these parts left, will be con- 

 tinued. It is far better to pull stumps and all deformed, worthless 

 and diseased plants, and throw them upon a hot brush fire before 

 they wilt. If left until after they wilt some of their insect enemies 

 may escape from them, and remain to infest the next crop; likewise 

 potato vines which may contain the borers which were so destructive 

 in the various parts of this State during the past year. Pumpkin 

 vines, squash vines, etc., which contain the destructive borers, 

 leaves and other unused parts of plants should be destroyed just 

 as soon as possible after the most valuable portion of the crop is 

 gathered. This is not a remedy but a means of prevention, as by 

 this means the pest will not occur in such great numbers another 

 year. 



The necessity of the destruction of fallen fruits should be em- 

 phasized. In England the most successful orchardists are now 

 keeping sheep and pigs in their orchards to destroy fallen fruits 

 as rapidly as they drop. It is well known that such pests remain 

 for a short time in such fruits. For example, the j^lum curculio, 

 which stings not only plums, but peaches and apples, remains a 

 short time, only a few days, in the fruits when they fall to the 

 ground. If they be destroyed, the second brood of this pest is pre- 

 vented. The same is true of the codling. moth and various other 

 insects, and is likewise just as true of various kinds of plant dis- 

 eases. It should be here stated that these various means of pre- 

 venting insects will, in almost all cases, be those that would be rec- 

 ommended by a botanist as a means of preventing destructive plant 

 diseases. 



(5.) Clean farming. By this term we mean that kind of farm prac- 

 tice by which one gets rid of all rubbish about the premises, board 

 piles, brush heaps, leaves, etc., in which various insects, such as the 

 long brown stinking squash bug, asparagus beetles, etc., hibernate 

 or spend the winter. It is a good plan to rake or scrape together 

 all material from the truck-patch and field, and burn it in the fall^ 

 after the weather gets so cold that the insects are not likely to leave 

 it, or in the spring before it gets so warm that these pests fly easily. 

 However, care should be observed not to destroy the small snakes 



