89« ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



tonis of this disease. There are, however, some general symptoms 

 that occur in most of the advanced cases, as emaciation, while the 

 appetite continues good. This is always a suspicious indication and 

 especially if accompanied by cough, rough coat and tight, harsh skin. 

 Kough or loud breathing sounds suspicious, and in advanced cases, 

 it is often found that the animal groans when pressure is brought to 

 bear upon the chest wall. Many cases bloat habitually, and hard, 

 painless swellings (enlarged lymphatic glands) beneath the skin in 

 the region of the escutcheon flank, shoulder or throat are suspicious. 



Since tuberculosis of the lungs is more common than of any other 

 organ, it was formerly the practice with some to examine these 

 organs alone in inspecting cattle for tuberculosis. It is shown by 

 the table above that about 60 per cent, or more than half of the cases 

 of tuberculosis are diseased in these organs, and some tables show 

 as high as 75 per cent, of pulmonary infection. In tuberculosis of 

 the lungs it may be said that coughing is the most noticeable symp 

 tom. Coughing is most common after feeding, drinking or after 

 moving following a period of repose, but sometimes it occurs without 

 any apparent cause. The cough is usually strong, dry and frequently 

 of a high pitch. Sometimes it is very violent and accompanied by 

 protusion of the tongue. Auscultation reveals modified and ab- 

 normal sounds of different kinds in the lungs, sibilant, sonorous and 

 mucous rales are most common. In some cases there are areas of 

 complete silence showing that no air is entering the portion of the 

 lung that is under examination. The dull sound is often detected on 

 percussion. It is also to be noted that this condition is of slow de- 

 velopment and long duration, thus aiding one to distinguish it, in 

 many cases from bronchitis or pneumonia. 



Tuberculosis of the udder is characterized by an enlargement and 

 hardening of the affected part, usually by the absence of pain and 

 the fact that the secretion is not altered until the part has been dis- 

 eased for some time. In advanced cases, instead of milk, the udder 

 secretes a yellowish, cloudy and sometimes flocculent fluid. 



In tuberculosis of the brain the animal is unsteady and uncer- 

 tain in its movements. It lies down a great deal, is usually subject 

 to occasional cramps and is apt to carry the head in an unusual posi- 

 tion. Such cases are inclined to progress rapidly and terminate in 

 death following como or convulsions. 



The course of tuberculosis is usually long, extending over months 

 or even years. Occasionally, however, it is cut short by the rapid 

 form known as acute military tuberculosis, which is often referred to 

 when it occurs in man as "galloping consumption." The symptoms 

 of acute military tuberculosis are rapid loss of condition, depression, 

 poor appetite, cough, weakness, rapid breathing, harsh respiratory 

 sounds, some elevation of temperature, increase pulse rate and some- 

 times enlarged lymphatic glands. The course of this form of tuber- 

 culosis is always rapid and terminates in death. Acute military 

 tuberculosis results, as previously stated, when large numbers of 

 tubercle bacilli are discharged into the blood current; they are then 

 carried to all parts of the body, are filtered out in the lungs, liver, 

 spleen, kidneys and elsewhere, setting up tuberculosis in each of these 

 localities. The point at which the infectious material entered the 

 circulation may have been a comparatively small area of disease, per- 

 haps a tubercular lymphatic gland. This form of tuberculosis iss more 



