No. 7. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 117 



fixing themselves. During the winter both of these scale insects 

 are to be found in the egg stage under the shell or covering of the 

 females on the bark of trees and shrubs. 



Certain species of plants are more subject to injury than are 

 others. For example, the currant bush is especially liable to be 

 injured by the Scurfy scale, while apple, poplar, lilac, soft maple, 

 willow, ash, and walnut trees are especially liable to damage by the 

 Oyster-shell scale. These pests are so serious in the mountainous 

 regions of this State as to demand thorough treatment. 



Both species can be killed by spraying when the trees are dormant 

 with the boiled Lime-sulfur Solution, made and applied the same 

 as for San Jose scale, and can, also be destroyed by spraying with 

 a dilute contact insecticide, such as one pound whale oil soap in 

 six gallons of water, or 10 per cent, kerosene emulsion, when the 

 young hatch in May, and again in August. Washing or jjainting the 

 trees with a strong solution of Lime-sulfur, or soap, will kill scale 

 insects of all kinds at any time. 



H. A. SUKFACE. 



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE— DIVISION OF ZOOLOGY 



LECANIUM SCALE 



This is the largest scale insect infesting peach and plum treies. 

 It is brown in color, and in shape resembles a turtle or terrapin, 

 and for this reason is often called the "Turtle-shell" or "Terrapin" 

 Scale. The young appear as brownish, free-moving insects in June 

 or July. 



Treatment: (1) Spray the infested trees during the dormant 

 season with a twenty per cent, kerosene emulsion, made by using 

 one part of the stock solution in three parts of water. The stock 

 solution is made by dissolving one pound of soap in a gallon of hot 

 water, and adding to this two gallons of kerosene, stirring and 

 whipping it into a thick, creamy mass. This can be kept for us in 

 making the dilute emulsion at any time. 



(2) Spray when the young insects are found crawling upon the 

 limbs of the trees in June or July, with an eight per cent, kerosene 

 emulsion, made by dissolving one gallon of the stock solution in eight 

 gallons of water, or spray with Whale Oil Soap, one pound to six 

 gallons of water. 



Since these insects are often found only on the lower sides of the 

 twigs and limbs, they can then often be removed conveniently by 

 rubbing them off with a stick. 



H. A. SURFACE, 

 Economic Zoologist. 



THE WOOLLY APHIS 



These insects infest all parts of the tree, both above and below 

 the ground. They usually locate in wounds in the bark made by 

 mechanical injury, pruning, or bark cankers, where they are con- 



