No. 7. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE, 121 



The most conspicuous symptom of Yellows is the thick clusters of 

 fine twigs, containing small, red and yellow leaves, closely set, which 

 grow on the large limbs and trunks of the trees. Such trees bear, 

 if at all, small, premature, bitter, worthless fruit, and nothing is 

 gained in keeping them on the premise's, l)ut they serve as a source 

 of infection for the entire neighborhood. The sooner they are re- 

 moved the better it will be for the other peach and plum trees. 



H. A. SURFACE. 



DEPAKTMENT OF AGRICULTURE— DIVISION OF ZOOLOGY 



THE CODLING MOTH 



This insect is responsible for more damage to pome fruits, — 

 apple, pear and quince, — than probably any other pest. The in- 

 jury is done by the larva or "worm" feeding inside the fruits around 

 the seed capsule. This causes them to drop from the tree prematurely 

 as a rule, and such infested fruits as remain hanging until ripe are 

 exposed to rots, and are unfit for market. 



The adult female moth is a beautiful little brown and gray in- 

 sect. These first issue frimi the pupae in the spring, about the time 

 of the blossoming of the apple, and the eggs are laid singly upon the 

 leaves and young fruits. Fnmi these hatch, within ten days, yellow 

 colored larvae, which generally crawl to the calyx or blossom end 

 of the fruits, feeding sparingly on the. way, and there eat theii* 

 way in. When full grown, these larvae burrow out through the 

 side of the fruits, and seek a protected location, as beneath the 

 scales of bark on the larger liml)s and trunk of the tree, where they 

 spin cocoons and later i)upate. It requires from fifty-five to sixty 

 days from the time of egg-laying of the first brood until the eggs 

 of the second brood are laid, which brood infests the half grown 

 fruits in midsummer. The larvae of this brood enter the sides of 

 the fruits, or the cavity or stem end more often than the blossoms 

 end. 



Treatment: The method of combating this pest is to spray the 

 trees with arsenicals. Mix two pounds of arsenate of lead (paste 

 or dry) in fifty gallons of water, and apply immediately after the 

 blossoms fall, in a course spray, from a nozzle held slightly above 

 the blossoms, directed downwards as much as possible, and thrown 

 with considerable force, so as to drive the poison in the open calyces 

 of the erect fruits. This can be facilitated by using a nozzle of the 

 ''Bordeaux" type, connected with an elbow or "crook" to the exten- 

 sion rod, and a strong pump so that a pressure of over 100 pounds 

 to the square inch can be maintained. Apply a second spray a week 

 or ten days after the first. In this second spray the arsenate of 

 lead should be mixed in Bordeaux mixture, or dilute Lime-sulfur 

 Solution, if fungus troubles are anticipated. 



We now make the general recommendation used for the second 

 spray on all bearing apple, pear and quince trees, one gallon and 

 one quart of strong concentrated Lime-sulfur Solution (either com- 

 mercial or home-boiled) in fifty-nine galhms of water, and to this 

 add two i)ounds of arsenate of lead. 



