Xo. 7. - DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 229 



tender leaves, and if these are coated with poison it is killed be- 

 fore it reaches the apple. And if this poison is put on shortly 

 before the egg hatches it is less liable to be washed off. Should 

 the larva escape, reach and enter the calix and this is poisoned 

 its career is ended. Otherwise it enters the apple and feeds upon the 

 seeds preferably. In twenty-five or thirty days it attains full size, 

 eats a hole out and crawls to some secluded place and pupates. 

 Some of the earliest ones mature and lay eggs this same season giv- 

 ing the second brood. These are the worms found in the apples at 

 gathering time. To catch these spray in August, and if a fungicide 

 is ad Jed to the insecticide, it has a tendency to keep the foliage clean 

 and healthy, thus adding to quality of the fruit. 



I consider three times spraying sufficient for the apple. First, 

 for scale; second and third, for the Codling moth, curculio, canker 

 worms, and other insects, as well as for fungus diseases. In the 

 season 1909 my fruit was so clean that six men hunted for three 

 hours to find a wormy apple without finding one. 



The last of my fruit was sold May 20th in the Philadelphia 

 markets, at prices ranging from |4.50 to 6.00 per barrel which tes- 

 tifies as to cleanliness and quality of my fruit. Out of the many 

 hundreds of barrels of apples, there was not one that needed re- 

 packing. For home use I keep them in a cave and expect to have 

 until July. 



I prefer spraying my peach in March, with lime and sulphur, full 

 strength, for the scale. I gave them their second spraying with 

 self-boiled lime and sulphur May 14 to 18, using formula, 15-25-150, 

 with six }>ounds arsenate of lead. My next spraying will be some- 

 time in June after thinning is done. My third spraying will be 

 with the same material. This will be for control of fungus diseases 

 such as Qy speck fungus, wilt, etc. Since I have been using the 

 lime and sulphur sprays I have not been troubled with Manilla, or 

 Brown-rot. 



I am often asked if the Bordeaux mixtures are not safer and more 

 reliable. Perhaps on the apple it may be just as good, if you are 

 satisfied with russetted fruit. I have never been able to use it dilute 

 enough to benefit and not injure. The peach is especially suscepti- 

 ble to injury by the copper sprat's, no matter how dilute. 



Recapitulation 

 Train your trees low. 



Keep heads open by judicious pruning. 

 Spray while trees are dormant. 



Cover every trunk limb and twig. 



Use a good spray suitable to the occasion. 



Spray as soon as blossoms drop. 



Use a combined Fungicide and Insecticide. 



For Masticating Insects use Arsenate of Lead. 



Spray twenty or thirty days after blossoms drop. Use the best 

 equi])ment obtainable. Use a high pressure. Spray from the five 

 sides, north, south, east and west, then from the top side. 



Spray at the right time, with the right material, in a right man- 

 ner, and 95 per cent, of the fruit will be clf^an, and your success will 

 be assured. 



